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block 9 anna > lecture 19 carcinogenesis > Flashcards

lecture 19 carcinogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

what is the signal for DNA damage

A

ATM

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2
Q

what does ATM trigger

A

p53 to accumulate

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3
Q

what happens when p53 accumulates

A

cell cycle arrest

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4
Q

what happens if the DNA cant be repaired

A

apoptosis

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5
Q

what does UV radiation affect specifically

A

thymine dimers

CC dimers

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6
Q

what is the affect of UV radiation

A

causes things to distort

miss pairing CC-TT

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7
Q

effect of alkylating

A

small

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8
Q

how is alkylation damage dealt with

A

uses the MGMT suicide enzyme

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9
Q

what is base excision repair

A

a DNA repair system

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10
Q

how does base excision repair work

A

DNA glycolase removes the base

AP endonuclease fills in the gap

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11
Q

what is used when there is UV damage

A

nucleotide excision repair

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12
Q

how does the nucleotide excision repair work

A

oligonucleotide fragment is removed with damage

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13
Q

what is NER

A

a series of XPC proteins which recognise pyramidine dimers

XPA recruits repair proteins

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14
Q

what are XPB and XPD

A

helicases that separate the damaged DNA in NER

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15
Q

in NER what keeps the strands apart

A

RPA

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16
Q

what are XPG and XPF

A

endonucleases that cut DNA either side of the damage in NER

17
Q

what happens to the cut fargment in NER

A

it is removed and the gap is filled in by DNA polymerase

18
Q

what is a disease that is a probelm with the XP proteis called, what does it mean

A

xeroderma pigmentosum
dont have NER
prone to cancer

19
Q

what can cause a doubke strand break repair

A

ionizing radiation

20
Q

how can a cell deal with a double strand break

A

non homologous end joining or homologous recombination

21
Q

name a gene mutation associated with double strand break repair

A

BRCA

22
Q

what does Rb do

A

sequesters E2F

23
Q

what is E2F

A

transcription factor

24
Q

what happens when E2F is sequestered

A

it can no longer bind to DNA

25
Q

what part of the body does mutations in retinoblastoma affect

A

retina

26
Q

what are the two types of hereditory colorectal cancer

A

FAP

HNPCC

27
Q

what is the inheritance of FAP

A

autosomal dominant

28
Q

what is the mutated gene in FAP

A

APC

29
Q

what does APC do normally

A

stops beta catalyn binding to DNA and activating proliferation

30
Q

when would APC release beta catalyn

A

when there is a growth signal

31
Q

what is FAP characterised by

A

polyps

32
Q

what genes are involved in HNPCC

A

MSH2 and mSH1

block 9 anna (21 decks)

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