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ANAT241 > Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

How many plexuses in the body

A

3

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2
Q

What do the three plexuses of the supply

A

Cervical – supplies the neck
Brachial – supplies the upper limb
Lumbosacral – supplies lower limb (derived from the anterior rami of L1–S4)

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3
Q

What part of the spinal nerve contributes to a plexus

A

Anterior rami

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4
Q

What supplies the muscles, skin and joints in the thoracic region

A
  • the posterior rami
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5
Q

Three main nerves supply the lower limb:

A
  1. Sciatic (tibial & common fibular)
  2. Femoral
  3. Obturator

Plus – gluteal nerves

Nerves also supply the joints over which they pass, and other tissues such as skin

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

Each nerve has branches that supple a ___ _____ __ ___ this is important when ______ _____ ________

A

• Each nerve has branches that supply a specific area of skin
• Important when diagnosing nerve injuries

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

How many venous systems do the limbs have?

A

Two

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10
Q

Two locations of veins and what they are surrounded in in each location

A

Deep
• Within muscle compartments
• Within the superficial fascia

Superficial
• Accompany the arteries

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11
Q

Features of veins

A

• Veins have low blood pressure
• Venous blood in the lower limb needs to move against gravity
• These veins have valves to prevent
back-flow against gravit

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12
Q

Two key superficial veins

A

– Great saphenous (drains into femoral vein)
– Small saphenous (drain into popletreil behind knee)

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13
Q

Function of superfcial veins

A
  • thermoregulation
  • return blood
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14
Q

What muscles act over the hip and/or knee joints?

A

Hamstrings and rectus femoris crosses both the hip and knee joint

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15
Q

What muscles crosses the hip and knee anteriorly ?

A

Quadriceps (rectus femoris)

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16
Q

What muscle cross the hip joint anteriorly

A

Iliopsoas

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17
Q

What muscle crosses the knee and hip joint posteriorly

A

Hamstrings
Rectus femoris

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18
Q

What muscles crosses the hip joint posteriorily

A

Hamstrings
Gluteus maximus

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19
Q

What muscles cross the hip joint medially?

A

Adductors

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20
Q

What muscle crosses the hip joint laterally

A

Abductors

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21
Q

Muscles in each compartment share a common…

A
  • function
  • blood and nerve supply
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22
Q
A
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23
Q
A

Intermuscular septum

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24
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior muscles of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

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25
Q

What nerve supplies the medial muscles of the thigh

A

Obturator nerve

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26
Q

What nerves supply the posterior region of the thigh

A

Tibial nerve ( with one exception) - BICEPS FEMORIS - short head (supplied by common fibular nerve)

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27
Q
A
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28
Q

What is biceps femoris (short head) supplied by

A

Common fibular nerve

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29
Q

The external iliac artery becomes the _____ artery as it passes under the ……………………. ligament

A

Femoral

Inguinal

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30
Q

The main blood supply of the muscles in the thigh is the ……………… artery and vein

A

Deep femoral

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31
Q

Origin and insertion of the hip flexor iliopsoas

A

Origin
• Iliacus: Iliac fossa and crest
• Psoas: T12–L5 vertebrae and discs

Insertion
• Lesser trochanter

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32
Q

Function of iliopsoas

A

• Strong hip flexor
• Flexes trunk if legs fixed

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33
Q

Parts of the quadriceps femoris (anterior comaprtment of the thigh)

A

• Rectus femoris
• Vastus medialis
• Vastus intermedius
• Vastus lateralis

34
Q
A
35
Q

Where does the rectus femoris attach to?

A

Anterior inferior iliac spines (hip)
Quadreceps tendon (knee)

36
Q

Role of rectus femoris at the hip joint

A

Flexion

37
Q

Role of rectus femoris at the knee joint

A

Extention

38
Q
A

Rectus femoris

39
Q

What compartment is sartorius in

A

Anterior

40
Q
A

Sartorius

41
Q

Attachment sites of sartorius

A

• Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
• Medial side tibia (pes anserinus)

42
Q

Pes anserinus has muscles attaching to it from…

A

All of the 3 compartments

43
Q

Functions of sartorius on the knee and hip

A

(Has an oblique orientation)
• Hip: flexes, abducts, externally rotates
• Knee: flexes

44
Q

Origin of rectus femoris

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

45
Q

Insertion of rectus femoris

A

Quadriceps femoris tendon —-> patella —-> patellar ligament —-> tibial tuberosity

46
Q
A
47
Q

What is the femoral triangle

A

• Inverted triangle, a transition area from pelvis into thigh

48
Q

Boundaries of the femoral triangle

A

• Superior (base): inguinal ligament
• Medial: adductor longus
• Lateral: sartorius

49
Q
A
50
Q

Contents of the femoral triangle from medial to lateral

A

VAN

51
Q

Origins and insertions of the hip extensor, gluteus maximus

A

Origin: posterior ilium, sacrum and coccyx
Inerstion: gluteal tuberotsity and iliotibial bond (ITB)

(Oblique orientation)

52
Q

Function of gluteus maximus

A

Extends hip

(Kinda helps with abdauction and external rotation)

53
Q

What nerve and blood supplies the gluteus maximus ?

A

Inferior gluteal

54
Q

Three muscles of the hamstrings

A

• Semitendinosus
• Semimembranosus
• Biceps femoris (long and short heads)

55
Q

What compartment of the thigh are the hamstrings in?

A

Posterior

56
Q

Origin of hamstrings

A

• Ischial tuberosity

57
Q

Insertion of hamstrings

A

• Semimembranosus – medial tibial condyle
• Semitendinosus – pes anserinus
• Biceps femoris – head of fibula

58
Q

Locations of the hamstrings

A

• Semimembranosus –
medial tibial condyle
• Semitendinosus – pes
anserinus
• Biceps femoris – head of
fibula

59
Q

Action of the hamstrings on the hip

A

Extension

60
Q

Action of the hamstring on the knee

A
  • flexion and rotation
61
Q

Nerve innervation of the hamstrings

A

• Tibial nerve – all of the
muscles except the
short head of biceps
femoris (which is
innervated by the
common fibular nerve)

62
Q

Hamstrings injuries

A

• Sprinting or kicking – usually excess flexion
• Most commonly involves biceps femoris long head

63
Q

What muscles are the hip adductors

A

• Three “adductors” (adductor brevis, longus, magnus)
• Pectineus
• Gracilis

64
Q

Where do the hip adductors originate? Where do they innervate?

A

Origin • Pubic bone (except for adductor magnus, which attaces to ischium)

Attach then to the femur (linea aspera)

(Gracilis = attaches at pes anserinus)

65
Q

Adductor Magnus features

A
  • has an adductor part and a hamstring part - the adductor part attaches to the pubic bone but hamstring part attaches to the Ishial tuberosity
  • contributes to adduction and hip extension

Attachments
• Pubic bone and ischium
• Femur (linea aspera) and adductor tubercle

CONTAINS AN ADDUCTOR HIATUS – passage of femoral artery into popliteal space

Nerve supply to the adductor muscles = obtrator nerve

66
Q

Nerve supply to the adductor muscles =

A

obtrator nerve

67
Q

What is Adductor hiatus

A

– passage of
femoral artery into popliteal space

68
Q

Functions of hip adductors

A

• Stabilise single-leg stance, together with the abductors
• Adductor magnus contributes to hip extension
• Adductor longus contributes to hip flexion (e.g., kicking with medial side of the foot in soccer)

• Groin strain

69
Q

What component are hip adductors in?

A

Medial compartment

70
Q

What nerve are hip adductors innervated by

A

Obturtor nerve

71
Q

Where does the obturator nerve enter the thigh through?

A

the obturator canal (foramen in the obturator membrane)

72
Q
A
73
Q

Origin & insertion of Gluteus medius

A

− Ilium, between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
− Greater trochanter

74
Q

Origin & insertion Of Gluteus minimus

A
  • ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
  • greater trochanter
75
Q

Origin & insertion of Tensor fascia lata

A

− Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS
− Iliotibial band

76
Q

Hip abductors

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata

  • laterally
77
Q

Blood and nerve supply of hip abductors

A
  • superior gluteal nerve
  • superior gluteual artery and vein
78
Q

nerves and vessels that supply gluteus maximus?

A
  • inferior gluteal nerve
  • gluteal vein and artery
79
Q

Hip abductors - function

A

Abduction and internal rotation
Lets u stand on one leg - Maintain pelvis horizontal during single-leg stance

80
Q

Hip abductors – dysfunction

A

• they usually Maintain pelvis horizontal during single-leg stance

• Muscle weakness or nerve injury: dropping of contralateral side of the pelvis (Trendelenburg sign/gait)

81
Q
A

ANAT241 (29 decks)

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