23

Question 1

Lung rot is the

Answer 1

Connection of lungs to the media sternum

Question 2

Features of the pleuaral cavity

Answer 2

• potential space in the living room
• filled with serous fluid
• friction free environment
• movement of lungs without pain

Question 3

What holds the parietal and visceral pleurae together?

Answer 3

The negative intrapleural pressure

Question 4

What does the movement of the thoracic wall during inspiration do?

Answer 4

Stretch lungs

Question 5

Different divisions of the parietal pleura (named after what they come in contact with)

Answer 5

Question 6

Normal respiration lungs dot fill the ______

Answer 6

Whole thoracic cavity

But parietal pleura still lines the cavity and visceral pleura still on lung surface

Question 7

What are the areas where the lungs dont extend into called? How many areas

Answer 7

Pleural recesses (2 layers of parietal pleura)

2 areas:
- costodiagphtagmatic
- coeddtomediastinal

Question 8

Question 9

Shape of the rib

Answer 9

Non-symmetrical, cone-shaped

Question 10

To main parts of the lung gross anatomy

Answer 10

Apex
Base

Question 11

Where is the apex of the lung

Answer 11

• superior “tip”, deep to clavicle, above first rib

Question 12

Where is the base of the lung

Answer 12

Concave, sits on diagnphram

Question 13

What is the surface of the lung that is on the inside of the rib cage called?

Answer 13

Costal surface

Question 14

What is the side of the lung touching the mediasternum called?

Answer 14

Mediastinal surface

Question 15

Features of the mediastinal surface of the lung

Answer 15

• concave impression (larger on left due to heart)
• root + Hillman
• pulmonary ligament

Question 16

What does the “root” of the lung refer to?

Answer 16

• structures that enter and leave the lung on the mediasteinal surface

Question 17

What makes up the root of the lung?

Answer 17

Pulmonary arteries (anterior superior)
Pulmonary veins (oxygenated blood back to heart) - inferior veins
Posterior branchii

Branchial artery and vein

Nerve and lymphatics

These form the root but enter at the Hilum

Question 18

What is the root of the lung covered by?

Answer 18

A sleeve of mediastinal (parietal) pleura that reflects onto the surface of the lung as visceral pleura

Question 19

What does the pulmonary ligament accommodate?

Answer 19

The superior-inferior translation of the lung root during breathing

Question 20

Differences between left and right lungs

Answer 20

Question 21

Features of lobes

Answer 21

• decided into bronchopulmonary segments With tertiary bronchi going to each of these segments, they are seperate from one another by connective tissue
• functionally seperate
• own blood supply and own air supply
• surgically respectable

Question 22

What do the bronchial arteries supply

Answer 22

Lung tissue and visceral pleura
(Parietal pleura is supplies by arteries of the thoracic wall)

Question 23

Do brachial arteries participate in gas exchange

Answer 23

No

Question 24

Where to bronchial artists arise from?

Answer 24

Thoracic aorta

Question 25

How many bronchial arteries on the left and right

Answer 25

• two left bronchial artiers
• single right bronchial artery

These may arise from thoracic aorta or from posterior intercostals

Question 26

Pulmonary circuit vs bronchial circuit

Answer 26

Bronchial circuit
- bronchial veins drain lungs of blood supplied by bronchial arteries (1%)
- contains deoxygenated blood

Pulmonary circuit
- pulmonary veins drain lungs of blood supplies by the pulmonary artery (99%)
- contains oxygenated blood

Question 27

What do bronchial veins drain?

Answer 27

• drain the larger bronchi, visceral pleura and area of the lung near the Hilum

Question 28

Where do the bronchial veins drain into?

Answer 28

Deep system
- into pulmonary veins or left atrium

Superfiacal system
- azygos vein (right)
- accessory hemiazygos vein (upper left)
- hemiazygos vein (lower left)

Question 29

Larynx splits into the…

Answer 29

Primary bronchi

Question 30

What is the point which the larynx splits into primary bronchi called? Where does this happen?

Answer 30

• carina
• T4/T5 level

Question 31

Features of the C shaped rings of the trachea

Answer 31

• 16-20
• hyaline cartilage
• prevents collapse
• “open” posteriorly - esophagus

Question 32

Features of the trachialis muscle

Answer 32

• smooth muscle
• runs longitudinally
• decreases diameter of tracea (functions to increase pressure for the cough) (also aloes expaention anterioly for food to pass in esophagus)

Question 33

Primary Bronchi are a part of the ___ ____

Answer 33

Lung root

Question 34

Where does the primary brachi enter

Answer 34

Hilum

Question 35

Where do the secondary bronchi (lobar) go to?

Answer 35

• each lobe
• 2 on the left, 3 on the right

Question 36

Where does tertiary bronchi go to (segmental)

Answer 36

• each lob legment
• bronchiopulmonery segments

Question 37

What is the root of the lung?

Answer 37

A collective term for structures that enter/exit the lung and pleura

Question 38

Contents of the root of the lung and their man feature

Answer 38

pulmonary arteries
- superior
- deoxygenated blood

Pulmonary veins
- inferior
- oxygenated blood

Primary bronchi
- posterior
- cartilage

Question 39

Where is the Hilum of the lung

Answer 39

Depression on medial surface of the lung

Question 40

What is the Hilum of the lung

Answer 40

Area on the lung where the structures forming the lung root enter the mediastinal surface of the lungs