23 Flashcards
Lung rot is the
Connection of lungs to the media sternum
Features of the pleuaral cavity
- potential space in the living room
- filled with serous fluid
- friction free environment
- movement of lungs without pain
What holds the parietal and visceral pleurae together?
The negative intrapleural pressure
What does the movement of the thoracic wall during inspiration do?
Stretch lungs
Different divisions of the parietal pleura (named after what they come in contact with)
Normal respiration lungs dot fill the ______
Whole thoracic cavity
But parietal pleura still lines the cavity and visceral pleura still on lung surface
What are the areas where the lungs dont extend into called? How many areas
Pleural recesses (2 layers of parietal pleura)
2 areas:
- costodiagphtagmatic
- coeddtomediastinal
Shape of the rib
Non-symmetrical, cone-shaped
To main parts of the lung gross anatomy
Apex
Base
Where is the apex of the lung
- superior “tip”, deep to clavicle, above first rib
Where is the base of the lung
Concave, sits on diagnphram
What is the surface of the lung that is on the inside of the rib cage called?
Costal surface
What is the side of the lung touching the mediasternum called?
Mediastinal surface
Features of the mediastinal surface of the lung
- concave impression (larger on left due to heart)
- root + Hillman
- pulmonary ligament
What does the “root” of the lung refer to?
- structures that enter and leave the lung on the mediasteinal surface
What makes up the root of the lung?
Pulmonary arteries (anterior superior)
Pulmonary veins (oxygenated blood back to heart) - inferior veins
Posterior branchii
Branchial artery and vein
Nerve and lymphatics
These form the root but enter at the Hilum
What is the root of the lung covered by?
A sleeve of mediastinal (parietal) pleura that reflects onto the surface of the lung as visceral pleura
What does the pulmonary ligament accommodate?
The superior-inferior translation of the lung root during breathing
Differences between left and right lungs
Features of lobes
- decided into bronchopulmonary segments With tertiary bronchi going to each of these segments, they are seperate from one another by connective tissue
- functionally seperate
- own blood supply and own air supply
- surgically respectable
What do the bronchial arteries supply
Lung tissue and visceral pleura
(Parietal pleura is supplies by arteries of the thoracic wall)
Do brachial arteries participate in gas exchange
No
Where to bronchial artists arise from?
Thoracic aorta
How many bronchial arteries on the left and right
- two left bronchial artiers
- single right bronchial artery
These may arise from thoracic aorta or from posterior intercostals
Pulmonary circuit vs bronchial circuit
Bronchial circuit
- bronchial veins drain lungs of blood supplied by bronchial arteries (1%)
- contains deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary circuit
- pulmonary veins drain lungs of blood supplies by the pulmonary artery (99%)
- contains oxygenated blood
What do bronchial veins drain?
- drain the larger bronchi, visceral pleura and area of the lung near the Hilum
Where do the bronchial veins drain into?
Deep system
- into pulmonary veins or left atrium
Superfiacal system
- azygos vein (right)
- accessory hemiazygos vein (upper left)
- hemiazygos vein (lower left)
Larynx splits into the…
Primary bronchi
What is the point which the larynx splits into primary bronchi called? Where does this happen?
- carina
- T4/T5 level
Features of the C shaped rings of the trachea
- 16-20
- hyaline cartilage
- prevents collapse
- “open” posteriorly - esophagus
Features of the trachialis muscle
- smooth muscle
- runs longitudinally
- decreases diameter of tracea (functions to increase pressure for the cough) (also aloes expaention anterioly for food to pass in esophagus)
Primary Bronchi are a part of the ___ ____
Lung root
Where does the primary brachi enter
Hilum
Where do the secondary bronchi (lobar) go to?
- each lobe
- 2 on the left, 3 on the right
Where does tertiary bronchi go to (segmental)
- each lob legment
- bronchiopulmonery segments
What is the root of the lung?
A collective term for structures that enter/exit the lung and pleura
Contents of the root of the lung and their man feature
pulmonary arteries
- superior
- deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary veins
- inferior
- oxygenated blood
Primary bronchi
- posterior
- cartilage
Where is the Hilum of the lung
Depression on medial surface of the lung
What is the Hilum of the lung
Area on the lung where the structures forming the lung root enter the mediastinal surface of the lungs
