Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT241 > Lecture 12 > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Major structures of the axial skeleton

A
  • skull
  • vertebrae (and discs)
  • sternum, ribs and cartilages
  • sacrum and coccyx

Yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Main Functions of the skull

A
  • protect brain and brain stem
  • protect sensory organs
  • attachment sites for muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What bones does the skull consist of?

A

• Cranial bones
– Calvaria (external)
– Base (internal)

• Facial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many bones in the skull

A

22

8 cranial
14 facial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the joints of the skull called

A

Sutures (fibrous joints)
- made of DFCT
- allows some movement but not a lot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of sutures

A
  • allow head to squish in child birth
  • allows brain to grow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

example of sutures dysfunction

A

(Synostosis = fusion of two or more bones )

Craniosynostosis = premature fusion of cranial sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is craniosynostosis ?

A

premature fusion of cranial sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the pterion?

A
  • menengeal artery underneath
  • if there is damage can cause rupture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the joints of the skull called? - connect jaw to cranium

A

Temporomandibular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What kind of joint is the tempomandibular joint ?

A

Synovial condyloid joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parts that form the synovial condyliod joint

A

Articulation between the manipulation fossa and the condole of the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Features of the temporomadibular joint - synovial condyliod joint

A
  • joint capsule
  • synovial fluid
  • ligaments to strengthen the joint
  • articulable disc

To facilitate lots of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Features of the mandible

A

• Condylar process/head articulates with the temporal bone via the TMJ
• Site for muscle attachments (e.g., for chewing, facial expressions)
• Alveolar processes for teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Two key muscles of the skull

A

Temporalis and masseter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many facial bones are there

A

14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Singular facial bones

A

Mandible
Vomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Paired facial bones

A

Maxillla
Zygomatic
Palatine
Nasal
Lacrimal
Inferior nasal conchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the bony base of the oral cavity formed by?

A

Maxilla and mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Paired and singular cranial bones

A

Singular
- frontal
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
- occipital

Paired
- temporal
- parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Functions of the cranial bones

A
  • protects the brain
  • attachment sites for muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the frontal bone do?

A
  • Forms the forehead
  • contributes to upper margin of each orbital cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Features of the frontal bone

A

• Supraorbital notch/foramen
– contains supraorbital artery, vein, nerve

• Supraorbital ridge/supercilliary arch
– deep to the eyebrows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does the Supraorbital notch / foramen contain

A

Contains supraorbital artery, vein, nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where is the supraorbital ridge/supercilliary arch located?

A

Deep to the eyebrows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the margins of the orbital cavities formed by?

A

Frontal, zygomatic and maxilla bones

29
Q

What are the walls of the orbital cavities formed by?

A

Numerous bones

30
Q

What are the margin of the nasal cavity formed by

A

Maxilla and nasal bones

31
Q

Function of orbital cavities

A
  • holds eyeball
  • neurvascular structures
32
Q

What forms the nasal septum

A

Vomer and ethmoid

33
Q

What do the parietal bones form

A

Lateral and superior walls

34
Q

What attaches to the temporal lines?

A

Temporalis muscle which elevates the mandible

35
Q

Features of the temporal bone

A
  • mandibular fossa (for TMJ)
  • zygomatic process
  • mastoid process
  • external acoustic meatus opening (tympanic part)
36
Q

Function of the mastoid process

A

Important attachment site for muscles

37
Q

Function of the external acoustic meatus opening

A

Opening into the ear

38
Q

What does the occipital bone form?

A

The posterior wall

39
Q

Purpose of the external occipital protuberance and its location

A
  • needed for muscle attachment
  • located on the occipital bone
40
Q

Features of the occipital bone

A
  • posterior and floor of skull
  • occipital condyles ( articulate with cervicval spine - C1)
  • foramen magnum (large opening at base of skull for passage of spinal cord)
41
Q

Sphenoid

A
42
Q
A
43
Q

Floor/base of the skull is divided by prominent ridges of bone into _____

A

Fossae

44
Q

4 different fossa of the cranium

A
  • anterior cranial fossa
  • middle cranial fossa
  • posterior cranial fossa
  • pituitary/hypophysial fossa
45
Q

Functions of the vertebral column

A
  • balances skull
  • supports thoracic cavity
  • attachment sites for muscles and ligaments
  • protects spinal cord
46
Q

Two sections of spinal curvature

A
  • kyphosis
  • lordosis
47
Q

Kyphosis

A
  • posterior curvature (convex)
  • primary
  • determined by shape of vertebra

(In sacrum and thoracic spine)

48
Q

Lordosis

A
  • anterior curvature (concave)
  • secondary
  • determinded by the shape of vertebrae and discs

(Cerivcal and lumbar)

49
Q

Development of curves

A
  • allow us to remain upright
  • gives as stablility
50
Q

Movements of the spine

A
51
Q

Spine can be defined as a

A

Flexible rod

52
Q

How many vertebrae in each region of the spine

A

• Cervical (7)
• Thoracic (12)
• Lumbar (5)
• Sacral (5)
• Coccygeal (3-4)

53
Q

Cervical skull is important for supporting

A

Skull

54
Q

Thoracic skull is important for supporting

A

Ribs

55
Q

Lumbar skull is important for

A

Weight bearing

56
Q

Features of the vertebral arch

A
  • posterior
  • muscle and ligament attachment
  • encloses spinal cord
57
Q

Features of the vertebral body

A
  • anterior
  • weight-barfing
  • (intervertebral disc)
58
Q
A
59
Q

Parts of the vertebral arch and what they do

A
  • 2 pedicle : joins to body
  • 2 lamina : forms posterior wall of canal
60
Q

Extensions of the vertebral arch

A
  • spinous process - posterior
  • 2 transverse process - lateral
  • articular process - 2 superior, 2 inferior
61
Q
A
62
Q

Function of the articular processes (extensions of the vetebral arch)

A
  • two superior
  • two inferior

Functions
• Together form the facet/ zygapophysial (Z) joints
• Guide and direct movement
• Orientation differs between regions

63
Q

Features of the vertebral canal

A
  • formed by connection between adjacent vertebrae and soft tissues
  • passage for spinal cord
64
Q

Features of the intervetebral foramen

A
  • formed by connection between adjacent vertebrae
  • spinal nerves exit
65
Q

Features of intervertebral disc

A
  • separates vertebral bodies
  • binds vertebrae
  • resists compression
66
Q
A
67
Q
A
68
Q

Features of C1 and C2 specialised vertebrae

A

C1 (atlas)
- no body
- articulates with occipital condyles
- key function is transmits forces from skull to cervical spine

C2 (axis)
- dens
- no disc between C1 and C2

69
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint

A
  • occipital condyles (convex)
  • Atlas (superior facet) (concave)

Primary movement if nodding (small amount if flexion/extention)

ANAT241 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions