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ANAT241 > 18 > Flashcards

18 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general function of the upper limb

A
  • upper limb is designed for mobility to maximise mechanical and sensory function of the hand
  • large range of motion and hand actions (power,hook and precision grip, pushing with palm, using fist etc)
  • proximal (larger) muscles position the hand (much more mobile then lower limb)
  • distal (smaller) muscles for fine motor movement
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2
Q

Joints and region of the upper limb

A
  • shoulder
  • elbow
  • wrist
  • hand and fingers
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3
Q

Compartments of the arm

A
  • anterior and posterior
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4
Q

Compartments of the forearm

A

Anterior
Posterior

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

Blood supply of the arm

A

The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery as it passes across the lateral border of the first rib

Main blood supple of the muscles of the arm:
- anterior compartment: brachial
- posterior compartment: deep brachial

Deep veins run parallel with the arteries and have the same name as the arteries

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7
Q

Blood supply of the forearm and hand

A

The brachial artery devides just below the elbow joint into radial and ulnar arteries

Main blood supply of the muscles of the forearm:
- anterior compartment: radial and ulnar
- posterior compartment: posterior interosseous (branch of the ulnar artery)

Main blood supply of the hand
- superficial palmar arch
- deep palmar arch

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8
Q

Veins of the upper limb

A
  • cephallic vein (drains lateral aspect)
  • basilic vein (drains medial)
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9
Q

What is a venepuncture

A
  • often used for blood collection or intravenous fluid/drug administration
  • commonly done through the median cubical vein (MCV)
  • MCV connects the basilica vein and the cephalic vein
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10
Q

Three plexuses in the body:

A
  • cervical: supplies the neck
  • brachial: supply’s the upper limb
  • lumbosacral: supplies lower limb (derived from the anterior rami of L1- S4)
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11
Q

Brachial plexus innervates the..

A

Upper limb

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12
Q

What is the brachial plexus formed from?

A

The anterior ramifications of C5-T1

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13
Q

Main branches of the brachial plexus

A
  • axillary
  • radial
  • musculocutaneous
  • median
  • ulnar
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14
Q

What does the axillary nerve supply?

A

The deltoid and teres minor

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15
Q

What does the radial nerve supply?

A

Posterior compartment of the arm
Posterior compartment of the forearm

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16
Q

What foes the musculocutaneous nerve supply

A

Anterior compartment of arm

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17
Q

What is in the anterior compartment of the arm

A

BBC

  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • coracobrachialis
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18
Q

What does the median and ulnar nerves supply?

A

Anterior compartment of forearm (mostly median nerve)
Intrinsic muscles of the hand (mostly ulnar nerve)

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19
Q
A

B]
C

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20
Q
A

BB

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21
Q
A

D D

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22
Q

Bones of the pectorial girdle

A

Scapular and clavicle

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23
Q

What do the Soft tissues of the pectorial girdle act to do

A

Ligaments: limit movement, provide stablility
Muscles: mobility and stability

24
Q

Functions of the pectorial girdle

A
  • attaches upper limb to axial Skelton
  • joints allow scapula to undertake small adjusting movements to keep scapula in contact with thoracic wall
25
Q

Key points on the clavicle

A
26
Q

Clavicle fracture

A
  • easily fractured
  • commonly due to force from falling onto outstretched limb
  • medial fragment is pulled superiorly by sternocleidomastoid
  • lateral fragment drops becuase of gravity (may also be pulled medically by pectoral is major
27
Q

Key points on the scapular anterior view

A
28
Q

Kwy points on the scapular (posterior view)

A
29
Q
A
30
Q
A
31
Q

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint

A

Synovial, saddle joint

32
Q

Boney and other components of the sternoclavicular joint

A

Bony components:
- medial end of clavicle
- manubrium of sternum
- costal cartilage 1

Joint capsule
Ligaments

Intra-articular disc (improves the congruencey between boney ends and helps with shock absorbtion

Stable joint

33
Q
A
34
Q

What kind of movement is allowed at the sternoclavicular joint

A
  • biaxial movement
  • movement in two planes
35
Q

Important ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint and what movement does it restrict?

A

Costoclavocualr ligament
- hold clavicle down - stop vertical movement

Acromioclavicualr joint
- relatively unstable in comparison to costoclavocular ligament

36
Q

What kind of joint is the acromioclavicualr joint?

A
  • synovial, plane joint
37
Q

Boney components of the acromioiclavicular (AC) joint

A
  • acromion (of scapula)
  • lateral end of clavicle
38
Q

Featues of the acromioiclavicular (AC) joint

A
  • joint capsule (weak)
  • capsular ligaments
  • intra-articular disc
39
Q

Three key ligaments at the AC joint

A
  1. Coracoclavicualr
  2. Acromioclaviculat
  3. Coracoacromial
40
Q

What movements do the ligaments (1. Coracoclavicualr
2. Acromioclaviculat 3. Coracoacromial) in the AC joint prevent

A
  • stop it from moving upwards
  • stops it from displacing laterally
41
Q

What does aromioclavicuar ligament do?

A

Weak capsular ligaments
- stops chromium and clavicuar separating horizonaltlly

42
Q
A
43
Q

What movement does coracovlavicular joint restrict

A
  • upwards
  • lateral discplacemtn
44
Q

What does the caracoacromial ligament do?

A

Joins caracoid process and the chromium and caracoid
- stops hemeral head from going upwards

45
Q

AC joint dislocation

A

Common in contact sports

46
Q

Actions of the glenohumeral joint - movements

A
47
Q

What kind of joint ids the glenohumeral joint

A
  • synovial, ball and socket
48
Q

Bony components of the glenohumeral joint

A
  • head of the humerus
  • glenoid fossa of the scapula
49
Q

What kind of range of movement is at the glenohumeral joint ?

A

Large range of movement due to disproportion (4:1) between the humeral head and glenoid fossa

50
Q

What percent of the humeral head is in contact with the fossa

A

25-30

51
Q

What structures stabilise the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • joint capsule
  • glenohumeral ligaments
  • glenoid labrum (increases concavity)
  • rotator cuff muscles
52
Q

Features of the capasule of the glenohumeral joint

A
  • attaches to glenoid and anatomical neck of humerus
  • lax inferiorly
  • reinforced by glenohumeral ligaments and rotator cuff tendons
53
Q

What aspect of the glenohumeral joint is reinforced the most by ligaments? Why

A

Supported anteriorly but not posteriorly
- allows us to elevate our arm - full range of movement

54
Q

Glenohumeral joint dislocation

A
55
Q
A

ANAT241 (29 decks)

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