19 Flashcards
pectorial girdle muscle mianly funciton to move the…
scapuala
pectorial girdle muscles connect the ____ to the ___ and
connect the thoracic wall to the scapula and/or clavicle
what movements of the scapula does the pectoral girdle muscles function to do
- elevation
- depression
- retraction
- protraction (anterior muscles, such as serratus anterior
trapezius attachment sites
- external occipital protuberance
- ligamentum nuchae
- spinous process (C7-T12)
also attaches to the clavicle, scapula (spine and acromion)
3 main muscles of the pectorial girdle muscles
- trapezius
- levator scapualae
- rhomboids
function of the superior fibres of the trapezius on the scapula
elevate
functoin of the horizonatal fibres of the trapezius on the scapula
retract
function of the inferior fibres of the trapezius on the scapula
depress
attachment sites of the levator scapulae
- transverse process of cervical vertebrae (c1 to c4)
- superior angle of the scapula
what does trapezius do on the cervical spine
- exends
- lateral flexion
just deep to the semispinous and spleenous muscles (and deep to the trapezius ) is the
levator scapulae
function of lavator scapulae
pulls the scapualr upwards
attachment sites of rhomboids (major and minor)
- spinous process C7-T5
- medial border of scapula
function of the rhomboids
- orientated obliquely
- retracat
- (pull scapualr towards the spine)
- elevation
lavaror scaupulae ad rhombooid have the same nerve and blood supply
shoulder muscles conect the ___, ___ and ______ to the humerus
scapula
clavicle
thoracic wall
4 main shoulder muscles
- deltoid
- pecoralis major
- latissimus dorsi
- teres major
large powerful muscles
general function of the shoulder muscles
- to move the shoulder joint
attachment sites of the deltoid
- scapula
- clavicle
- deltiod tuberosity (humerus)
all fucntions of the deltiod AT THE SHOULDER JOINT
- abduction
- flexion
- extension
main funciton is abduction
function of the anterior fibres of the deltiod
flexion of the shoulder joint
function of the middle fibres of the deltiod
abduction
function of the posterior fibres of the deltiod
extenion of the shoulder joint
Attachment sires of pectoralis major
- clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages
- lateral lip bicipital groove (humerus)
Function of the pectoralis major
- flexion, addiction and medial rotation of arm
Attachment site of latissmus dorsi
- spinous process of T7-L2, iliac crest, inferior ribs
- floor of the bicipital groove (humerus)
Functions of latissimus dorsi
- extend, abduct, medially rotate arm
Attachments of the teres major
- inferior angle of scapul
- medial lip of the bicipital groove
Functions of the teres major
- extend, abduct, medially rotate arm
where does the long head of the long head biceps tendon sit?
In the bicipital groove
Attachment order of the shoulder muscles on the bicipital groove
A lady between two majors
- pectoralis major
- latissimus dorsi
- teres major
The rotator cuff muscles connect the ____, ______ to the humerus
Scapula
Clavicle
4 rotator cuff muscles
- supraspinatius
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis
In order it spells out sits
What do rotator cuff muscles mostly do? Why are they called cuff?
Rotate the humerus
The form a cuff around the hemoral head
Main function of the rotator cuff muscles
Holding the hemoral head in the glenoid fossa
Rotator cuff muscles form a ____ around the ____ of the _____
Cuff
Head
Humerus
Rotator cuff muscles _____ with joint capsule
Blend
GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
- dynamic stabilisers
- control the position of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa, so the large shoulder muscles can act to move the joint
- all rotate the humerus, except supraspinatus
Which rotator cuff muscle does not contribute to rotating the humerus
Supraspintus
Attachment sites of the rotator cuff muscles
- all attach to the capsule and greater tubercle except for subscapularis which attaches to the lesser
Specific function of the supraspinatus
Assists with abduction
Specific function of infraspintus and teres minor
Laterally rotate humerus
Specific function of the subscapularis
Medially rotates the humerus
What is the subacromial space ?
A layered arrangement of tissues beneath the coracoacromial arch
What is a bursa
Filled with synovial fluid and sits between structures to reduce friction
Contents of the subacromial space
- subacromial bursa
- supraspinatus tendon (one of the rotator cuff muscles)
- capsule
- tendon of biceps brachii long head
During abduction the structures of the ______ space must glide between the ___________ arch without friction
Subacromial
Coracoacromial arch
Rotator cuff tendinopathy
- pain and weakness, with elevation of arm
- poor understating of the cause of pain
- degenerative changes in supraspinatus tendon (tendinosus,tears), with or without distension of the subacromial bursa
Cause: altered loading off tendon, increased age, genetics
Diagnosed clinically or through imaging
Remember tendons and ligaments lack blood vessels (impairs healing)
B
Medial cubical
- the superficial vein that joins the cepallic and basilica veins at the elbow joint
D
C
D
What’s in the anterior compartment of the arm - muscles, nerve, vascular
Muscles: biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
Nerve: musculocutaneous
Vascular: brachial artery and vein
Key functions of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm
Shoulder Flexion
- and elbow flexion if crosses
What does the posterior compartment of the arm contain - muscle, nerve, vascular
Muscle: triceps
Nerve: radial
Vascular: deep brachial artery and vein
Function of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm
- extension
Attachment sites of biceps brachii
Long head: supraglenois tubercle (scapula)
Short head: coracoid process
Radial tuberosity
The long head of the biceps brachii passes through the capsule - important stabiliser of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa
Function of biceps brachii at the arm and forearm
Flexion at both
Super nation at the forearm
Biceps brachii tendinopaathy
Attachment the brachialis
- anterior surface (distal 2/3) of humerus
- coronoid process (ulna)
Function of the brachialis
Flexion of the elbow
- because its attached to the ulna we know that its not involved in super nation
Attachment sites of coracobrachialis
- coracoid process (scapula)
- mid-shaft of humerus (medial side)
Function of the coracobrachialis
Flexion of the shoulder
(Kinda aids abduction)
Attachment sires of triceps brachii
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Medial head: posterior humerus (below spiral line)
Lateral head: posterior humerus (above spiral line
Olecranon fossa (ulna)
Functions of triceps brachii at the arm and forearm
Extend elbow joint
Only the long head crossed the shoulder
What is the cubical fossa?
Transition region, from arm to forearm
What is the triangular cubical fossa Spence bordered by?
- pronator teres
- brachioradialis
- epicondyles
What contents passes through the cubital fossa?
- biceps brachii
- brachial artery
- median nerve
Blood supply of the anterior compartment of the arm
Brachial artery
Features of the brachial artery
- continuation of ancillary artery
- runs on medial aspect of arm
- decides into radial and ulnar arteries (just below elbow joint)
Blood supply of the posterior compartment if the arm
Deep brachial artery
Features of the deep brachial artery
- braches from brachial artery
- travels with the radial nerve (around the spiral groove)
Deep veins of the arm
- brachial and deep brachial veins run alongside the arteries of the same name
Superficial veins of the arm
- cephalon and basilic veins
- joint at the cubital fossa by the median cubital vein
Remember that all nerves also supply the skin (in addition to muscles joints ect)
What nerve and blood vessel are likely to be damages with a fracterur to the midshaft of the humerus
- radial nerve
