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ANAT241 > 19 > Flashcards

19 Flashcards

1
Q

pectorial girdle muscle mianly funciton to move the…

A

scapuala

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2
Q

pectorial girdle muscles connect the ____ to the ___ and

A

connect the thoracic wall to the scapula and/or clavicle

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3
Q

what movements of the scapula does the pectoral girdle muscles function to do

A
  • elevation
  • depression
  • retraction
  • protraction (anterior muscles, such as serratus anterior
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4
Q

trapezius attachment sites

A
  • external occipital protuberance
  • ligamentum nuchae
  • spinous process (C7-T12)

also attaches to the clavicle, scapula (spine and acromion)

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5
Q

3 main muscles of the pectorial girdle muscles

A
  • trapezius
  • levator scapualae
  • rhomboids
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6
Q

function of the superior fibres of the trapezius on the scapula

A

elevate

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7
Q

functoin of the horizonatal fibres of the trapezius on the scapula

A

retract

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8
Q

function of the inferior fibres of the trapezius on the scapula

A

depress

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9
Q

attachment sites of the levator scapulae

A
  1. transverse process of cervical vertebrae (c1 to c4)
  2. superior angle of the scapula
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10
Q

what does trapezius do on the cervical spine

A
  • exends
  • lateral flexion
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11
Q

just deep to the semispinous and spleenous muscles (and deep to the trapezius ) is the

A

levator scapulae

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12
Q

function of lavator scapulae

A

pulls the scapualr upwards

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13
Q

attachment sites of rhomboids (major and minor)

A
  • spinous process C7-T5
  • medial border of scapula
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14
Q

function of the rhomboids

A
  • orientated obliquely
  • retracat
  • (pull scapualr towards the spine)
  • elevation
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15
Q

lavaror scaupulae ad rhombooid have the same nerve and blood supply

A
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16
Q

shoulder muscles conect the ___, ___ and ______ to the humerus

A

scapula
clavicle
thoracic wall

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17
Q

4 main shoulder muscles

A
  • deltoid
  • pecoralis major
  • latissimus dorsi
  • teres major

large powerful muscles

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18
Q

general function of the shoulder muscles

A
  • to move the shoulder joint
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19
Q

attachment sites of the deltoid

A
  • scapula
  • clavicle
  • deltiod tuberosity (humerus)
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20
Q

all fucntions of the deltiod AT THE SHOULDER JOINT

A
  • abduction
  • flexion
  • extension

main funciton is abduction

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21
Q

function of the anterior fibres of the deltiod

A

flexion of the shoulder joint

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22
Q

function of the middle fibres of the deltiod

A

abduction

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23
Q

function of the posterior fibres of the deltiod

A

extenion of the shoulder joint

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24
Q
A
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25
Q
A
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26
Q
A
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27
Q

Attachment sires of pectoralis major

A
  • clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages
  • lateral lip bicipital groove (humerus)
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28
Q

Function of the pectoralis major

A
  • flexion, addiction and medial rotation of arm
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29
Q

Attachment site of latissmus dorsi

A
  • spinous process of T7-L2, iliac crest, inferior ribs
  • floor of the bicipital groove (humerus)
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30
Q

Functions of latissimus dorsi

A
  • extend, abduct, medially rotate arm
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31
Q

Attachments of the teres major

A
  • inferior angle of scapul
  • medial lip of the bicipital groove
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32
Q

Functions of the teres major

A
  • extend, abduct, medially rotate arm
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33
Q

where does the long head of the long head biceps tendon sit?

A

In the bicipital groove

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34
Q

Attachment order of the shoulder muscles on the bicipital groove

A

A lady between two majors

  • pectoralis major
  • latissimus dorsi
  • teres major
35
Q

The rotator cuff muscles connect the ____, ______ to the humerus

A

Scapula
Clavicle

36
Q

4 rotator cuff muscles

A
  • supraspinatius
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis

In order it spells out sits

37
Q
A
38
Q

What do rotator cuff muscles mostly do? Why are they called cuff?

A

Rotate the humerus

The form a cuff around the hemoral head

39
Q

Main function of the rotator cuff muscles

A

Holding the hemoral head in the glenoid fossa

40
Q

Rotator cuff muscles form a ____ around the ____ of the _____

A

Cuff
Head
Humerus

41
Q

Rotator cuff muscles _____ with joint capsule

A

Blend

42
Q

GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

A
  • dynamic stabilisers
  • control the position of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa, so the large shoulder muscles can act to move the joint
  • all rotate the humerus, except supraspinatus
43
Q

Which rotator cuff muscle does not contribute to rotating the humerus

A

Supraspintus

44
Q

Attachment sites of the rotator cuff muscles

A
  • all attach to the capsule and greater tubercle except for subscapularis which attaches to the lesser
45
Q
A
46
Q

Specific function of the supraspinatus

A

Assists with abduction

47
Q

Specific function of infraspintus and teres minor

A

Laterally rotate humerus

48
Q

Specific function of the subscapularis

A

Medially rotates the humerus

49
Q

What is the subacromial space ?

A

A layered arrangement of tissues beneath the coracoacromial arch

50
Q

What is a bursa

A

Filled with synovial fluid and sits between structures to reduce friction

51
Q

Contents of the subacromial space

A
  • subacromial bursa
  • supraspinatus tendon (one of the rotator cuff muscles)
  • capsule
  • tendon of biceps brachii long head
52
Q

During abduction the structures of the ______ space must glide between the ___________ arch without friction

A

Subacromial
Coracoacromial arch

53
Q

Rotator cuff tendinopathy

A
  • pain and weakness, with elevation of arm
  • poor understating of the cause of pain
  • degenerative changes in supraspinatus tendon (tendinosus,tears), with or without distension of the subacromial bursa

Cause: altered loading off tendon, increased age, genetics

Diagnosed clinically or through imaging

Remember tendons and ligaments lack blood vessels (impairs healing)

54
Q
A

B

55
Q
A

Medial cubical

  • the superficial vein that joins the cepallic and basilica veins at the elbow joint
56
Q
A

D

57
Q
A

C

58
Q
A

D

59
Q

What’s in the anterior compartment of the arm - muscles, nerve, vascular

A

Muscles: biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
Nerve: musculocutaneous
Vascular: brachial artery and vein

60
Q

Key functions of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm

A

Shoulder Flexion
- and elbow flexion if crosses

61
Q

What does the posterior compartment of the arm contain - muscle, nerve, vascular

A

Muscle: triceps
Nerve: radial
Vascular: deep brachial artery and vein

62
Q

Function of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm

A
  • extension
63
Q

Attachment sites of biceps brachii

A

Long head: supraglenois tubercle (scapula)
Short head: coracoid process

Radial tuberosity

64
Q

The long head of the biceps brachii passes through the capsule - important stabiliser of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa

A
65
Q

Function of biceps brachii at the arm and forearm

A

Flexion at both
Super nation at the forearm

66
Q

Biceps brachii tendinopaathy

A
67
Q

Attachment the brachialis

A
  • anterior surface (distal 2/3) of humerus
  • coronoid process (ulna)
68
Q

Function of the brachialis

A

Flexion of the elbow

  • because its attached to the ulna we know that its not involved in super nation
69
Q

Attachment sites of coracobrachialis

A
  • coracoid process (scapula)
  • mid-shaft of humerus (medial side)
70
Q

Function of the coracobrachialis

A

Flexion of the shoulder
(Kinda aids abduction)

71
Q

Attachment sires of triceps brachii

A

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Medial head: posterior humerus (below spiral line)
Lateral head: posterior humerus (above spiral line

Olecranon fossa (ulna)

72
Q

Functions of triceps brachii at the arm and forearm

A

Extend elbow joint
Only the long head crossed the shoulder

73
Q

What is the cubical fossa?

A

Transition region, from arm to forearm

74
Q

What is the triangular cubical fossa Spence bordered by?

A
  • pronator teres
  • brachioradialis
  • epicondyles
75
Q

What contents passes through the cubital fossa?

A
  • biceps brachii
  • brachial artery
  • median nerve
76
Q

Blood supply of the anterior compartment of the arm

A

Brachial artery

77
Q

Features of the brachial artery

A
  • continuation of ancillary artery
  • runs on medial aspect of arm
  • decides into radial and ulnar arteries (just below elbow joint)
78
Q

Blood supply of the posterior compartment if the arm

A

Deep brachial artery

79
Q

Features of the deep brachial artery

A
  • braches from brachial artery
  • travels with the radial nerve (around the spiral groove)
80
Q

Deep veins of the arm

A
  • brachial and deep brachial veins run alongside the arteries of the same name
81
Q

Superficial veins of the arm

A
  • cephalon and basilic veins
  • joint at the cubital fossa by the median cubital vein
82
Q

Remember that all nerves also supply the skin (in addition to muscles joints ect)

A
83
Q

What nerve and blood vessel are likely to be damages with a fracterur to the midshaft of the humerus

A
  • radial nerve
84
Q
A

ANAT241 (29 decks)

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