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ANAT241 > 24 > Flashcards

24 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the inferior anterior mediastinum ?

A

Sternum —> pericardium

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2
Q

What does the inferior anterior mediasteinum contain

A
  • fat
  • sternopericardial ligaments
  • lymphatics
    • lymphatic vessels
    • parasternal lymph nodes
  • internal thoracic vessesl
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3
Q

Inferior thymus ?? Children

A
  • can extend as far as the level of the 4th costal cartilages
  • immunity
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4
Q

What are sternoperocaridal ligaments

A

Connective tissue which attaches the pericardium to surrounding structures (vertebra, sternum, xiphiod, diaphragm)

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5
Q

Two sternopericatidal ligaments in the anterior inferior medeiasteinum

A

Superior: sternopericardial
Inferior: xipho-pericardial

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6
Q

What do the sternopericatidal and xipho-pericardial do?

A
  • helps retain the heart in its posterior in the thoracic cavity
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7
Q

The superior sternopericardial ligament crosses both…

A

Inferior and superior mediastinum

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8
Q

Lymphatic vessels from anterior thoracic wall (and the medial breast) drainage pathway

A
  • Anterior thoracic wall (and medial breast) lymphatic vessels drain into parastertnal lymph nodes (which are associated with internal thoracic vessels) (at lymph node they are filtered of debris)
  • then drains into bronchomediastinal trunks
  • then drains into subclavian veins
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9
Q

What do internal thoracic arteries branch from?

A

Subclaivian artery (left and right)

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10
Q

What do internal thoracic arteries branch to?

A

Anterior intercostal arteries

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11
Q

What do the internal thoracic arteries supply?

A
  • intercostal muscles
  • diaphragm
  • pericardium
  • thymus
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12
Q

Where do the internal thoracic arteries run?

A

With the artery

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13
Q

What do the internal thoracic veins drain into?

A

Brachiocephallic veins

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

Location of the heart

A

Inferior-middle mediastrinum

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16
Q

Features of the base of the heart

A
  • proximal
  • broad, towards right shoulder
  • left and right atria
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17
Q

Features of the apex of the heart

A
  • distal
  • pointed
  • located mid-clavicular line and 5th intercostal space
  • formed primarily by the left ventricle
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18
Q

Location of the apex of the heart

A
  • mid-clavicular line and 5th intercostal space
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19
Q

How many heart chambers

A

4

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20
Q

The _ atria ____ blood

A

2
Recive

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21
Q

The _ ventricles ____ blood

A

2
Pump

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22
Q

Features of blood on the right side of the heart

A
  • deoxygenated
  • flow directed to the lungs
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23
Q

Features of blood on the left side of the heart

A
  • oxygenated
  • flow directed to the body
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24
Q

Where does the right atria collect blood from

A

Deoxygenated
Superior and inferior vena Cava

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25
Q

Where does the left atria receive blood from

A

Oxygenated
Pulmonary veins

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26
Q

What do the AV valves do?

A

Close on ventricular contraction, prevents back flow

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27
Q

What is the right AV valve called

A

Tricuspid

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28
Q

What is the left bicuspid called?

A

Bicupsid (mitral)

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29
Q
A
30
Q

What does the pectinate muscles do?

A

Move the last bit of blood from atria to ventricle

31
Q

Indentation in the right atrium ?

A

Fossa ovalis

32
Q

Features of the fossa ovalis

A
  • covered with connective tissue
  • interatrial septum ?
  • feral blood flow?
33
Q

Whats going on in the fetal heart?

A
  • circulation bypasses the lungs (oxygenated blood is coming from the ambilical cord)
  • foramen ovale is a hole connecting right and left atria
  • ductus arteriosus is an artery connecting the pulmonary artery and aorta (in the superior mediasteinum

Both close after birth (the first breath)
- foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovalis
- ductus arteriosis becomes ligamentum arteriossum

34
Q

Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?

A

Lungs, pulmonary trunk, arteries

35
Q

Where does the left ventricle pump blood to?

A

To the rest of body, ascending aorta

36
Q

Which side has a larger muscular wall?

A

Left

37
Q

What is the particular muscle arrangement of the heart walls?

A

Trabeculae carnae (function to add to strong muscle contraction without adding too much muscle mass)

38
Q

What do papillary muscles do

A

Attach cordanae tendinae to the ventricle wall

39
Q

What are chordae tendinae ?

A
  • heart strings that attach onto AV valves
40
Q

Function of cordage tendinae and papillary muscle

A

Stop AV valves from opening backwards into the atria

41
Q

What is the name of the semilunar valve on the right?

A

Pulmonary valve

42
Q

What is the name of the semilunar valve on the left

A

aortic valve

43
Q
A
44
Q
A
45
Q
A
46
Q

What chambers are part of the anterior external heart

A
  • right atrium
  • right ventricle
  • left ventricle
47
Q

What are the sulci

A

Indentations between chambers

48
Q

What are the two sulci of the anterior side of the external heart

A
  • coronary (AV valves lies deep to this) (right)
  • interventricular
49
Q

What are the two sulci of the anterior side of the external heart

A
  • coronary (AV valves lies deep to this) (right)
  • interventricular
50
Q

Vessels you can see form the anterior ventral heart

A
  • superior vena cava
  • ascending aorta
  • pulmonary trunk
  • coronary arteries and veins
51
Q

What side of the external heart is ligamentum arteriosum ?

A

Anterior

52
Q

What chambers can you see on the posterior surface of the external heart?

A

Left atrium
Left ventricle

53
Q

External heart posterior sulci

A
  • coronary (left AV vlavle lies deep to this)
  • posterior interventriculat
54
Q

Vessels on the posterior of the external heart

A
  • inferior vena cave
  • pulmonary veins
  • coronary arteries and veins
55
Q

Primary coronary/ cardiac blood vessels on the right of the heart

A

ARTERIES
- coronary
- posterior interventricular

56
Q

Primary coronary/cardiac blood vessels on the left of the heart

A

ARTERIES
- coronary
- circumflex
- anterior interventricular

VEIN
- coronary sinus

57
Q

Layers of the heart wall

A
  • endocardium
  • myocardium
  • epicardium
  • pericardium
58
Q

What kind of epithelium and tissue is the endocardium?

A
  • simple squamous epithelium
  • areolar tissue
59
Q

Features of the endocardium

A
  • inner myocardial surface
  • lines chambers, valves
  • continuous with endothelium of great vessels
60
Q

Featues of the myocardium

A
  • heart muscle
  • striated
  • arranged in spiral bundles
  • intercalated discs
61
Q

Featues of the myocardium of the heart muscle

A
  • concentric layers
  • blood vessels and nerves
  • thicker on the left (1.5cm vs 0.5cm)
62
Q

Featues of intercollated discs

A
  • joins muscle fibres end to end
  • contains gap junctions
  • allows rapid spread of excitation
63
Q

Features of the epicatdium

A
  • outer surface
  • continuous with the visceral layer of serous pericardium

Two layers
- areola tissue (closest to myocardium)
- mesothelium (closest to pericardial cavity)
- secretes serous fluid

64
Q

Featues of the pericardium

A
  • sac of CT coverring the heart
  • parietal cavity
    • serous fluid for low friction
      -parietal serous pericardium
    • mesothelium (inner)
    • areola tissue (outer)
    • continuous with visceral serous layer at the root of the great vessels
  • parietal fibrous pericardium (Dense fibrous connective tissue)
65
Q

Features of the (parietal) fibrous pericardium

A
  • cone-shaped
  • base —> diaphragm
  • apex continuous with adventitia of great vessels (root)
  • sternopericardial ligaments
  • limits disteniton
66
Q

Blood supply of the heart and visceral pericardium

A

Coronary arteries and veins

67
Q

Blood supply of the parietal pericardium and fibrous pericardium

A

Internal thoracic arteries and veins

68
Q

Nerve supply of the heart and visceral pericardium

A
  • cardiac plexus, vagus nerve, sympathetic trunk
69
Q

Nerve supply of parietal and fibrous pericardium

A

Phrenic nerve

70
Q
A

ANAT241 (29 decks)

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