20 Flashcards
What bones contricute to the elbow joint?
- humerus
- ulna
- radius
Elbow joint contains ____ joints contained within a common _____
3
Capsule
Three joints of the elbow joint contained within the common capsule …
- Hemeroulnar
- Radiohumeral (is this the same as humeroradial?)
- Proximal radioulnar joint
Features of the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints
Humeroulnar joint:
- convex trochlea (humerus)
- concave trochlea notch (ulnar)
Humeroradial joint:
- spherical capitulum
- concave head of radius
The humeroulnar and humeroradial joints form what kind of joint? What kind of movements can it do?
- synovial, hinge joint
- flexion and extension
Proximal ulna
What attaches to the olecranon process on the proximal ulna ?
(Posterior)
- triceps
What articulates with the radial notch of the proximal ulnar
Radial head
What attaches to the radial tuberosity ?
Biceps brachii
What attaches to the ulnar tuberosity
Brachialis
What are the bony components of the proximal radioulnar joint?
- head of the radius (rim)
- radial notch (ulna)
What is the bony congruence of the proximal radioulnar joint like?
- poor bony congruence
- reliant of the annular ligament and radial collateral ligament for stability
What kind joint is the proximal radioulnar joint? What movements does it allow?
- synovial, pivot joint
- super nation and pronation
Shit that can go wrong with the annular ligament of the radioulnar joint
- laxity in childhood
- yanking movements can dislocate the head of the radius
- potential damage to ligament
Features of the elbow joint capsule
- outer fibrous, inner synovial layer
- large, loose, weak
- blends with annular ligament
- has no direct attachment to radius
What is the joint capsule of the elbow reinforced by?
Collateral ligaments
What do the ulnar and radial collateral ligaments restrict
- radial (lateral) collateral ligaments restrict varus forces
- ulnar (medial) collateral ligaments restrict valgus forces
Joint classification of the middle radioulnar joint
(Interosseous membrane)
Fibrous joint
Joint classification of the distal radioulnar joint
(Formed by head of the ulnar and distal part of radius, there is a disk attached to radius which rotates radius)
Synovial pivot joint
Main difference between the middle radioulnar joint and the middle tibiofibular joint ?
Radioulnar moves - there is a much stronger connection in the leg
What muscles are involved with pronation ?
- pronator teres
- pronator quadratus
What muscles are supinators ?
- biceps brachii
- supinator
Carpal wrist bones form ___ rows of bones and form the ____ ____
Two
Carpal arch
(I.e they do not lie in a flat plane)
Distal and proximal rows of carpal bones
she left the party
He cuaght the tram
Some lovers try positions that they can’t handle
What carpal bone is most commonly injured
Scaphoid
What is a flexor retinaculum
- across the top of the carpal arch
- it is a thickening of the deep fascia and are there to hold down tendons that will pass through the carpal tunnel
What passes through the carpal tunnel
- tendons that go into our fingers
- and the medial nerve
What bony components form the hand?
- metacarpals
- phalanges
What kind of joints are in the hand?
Synovial
Function of the bones of the hand
- manipulation
- grip
- sensation
What kind of joint is the weariest (radio-carpal) joint?
Ellipsoikd (condyloid) synovial joint
What are the bony components of the wrist?
- distal radius (and intra-articular disc)
- proximal row of carpal bones
What movements occur at the radio-carpal (wrist) joint?
- flexion/extension
- abduction/adduction
- curcumduction
What is the joint capusle of the radio-carpal joint reinforced by?
Collateral ligaments
- radial (lateral) collateral ligaments restricts vasrus forces
- ulnar (medial) collateral ligaments restricts valgus forces
What kind of joint are the interphalangeal joints and what movements do they allow?
- synovial hinge joints
- flexion and extrension
What kind of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints and what movements do they allow?
Ellipsoid joints
- flexion and extension
- abduction and adduction
- circumduction
What kind of joint is the carpometacarpal joint 1?what movement?
- saddle joint
- joint at base of thumb
- important for opposition
Intrinsic hand muscles - what muscles move the thumb
Thenar
What muscles move the 5th digit ?
Hypothenar
Muscle function in the anterior compartment of the forearm
Flexors of wrist and hand (stabilise elbow)
Nerve innervation
Median (mostly), ulnar
Blood innervation of the anterior compartment of the forearm
Radial and ulnar artery and vein
Muscle function in the posterior compartment of the forearm
Extensors of wrist and hand (stabilise elbow)
Nerve innervation of the posterior compartment of the forearm
Radial nerve
Blood innervation of the posterior compartment of the forearm
Posterior interosseous artery and vein
Carpi means
Wrist
Digitorum means
Fingers
Pollicis means
Thumb
Ulnaris means
Ulnar
Radialis
Radius
What does superficialis mean
Superficial
What does profundus mean?
Deep.
What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm (flexors)
Superficial
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)
Flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
Deep
(flexor digitorum profoundus (FDP), flexor pollicis longus (FPL))
Common attachment site of flexor carpi ulnaris and radial and flexor digitorum superficialis
Medial epicondyle
Where do flexor tendons (to the finger and thumb) pass under at the wrist?
The flexor retinaculum - along with the median nerve
What is the floor of the carpal tunnel formed by?
Carpal bones
What is the roof of the carpal tunnel formed by
Flexor retinaculum
What passses through the carpal tunnel
- flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) (4 tendons)
- flexor digitorum profoundus (FDP) (4 tendons)
- flexor policis longus (FPL)
- median nerve
Carpal tunnel syndrome
- NERVE ENTRAPMENT SYNDROME
- increased fluid and increased pressure inside the tunnel
Symptoms:
- pain
- atrophy
Carpal tunnel repease
What muscles are in the posterior compartment (extensors) of the forearm
Superficial:
(Brachioradialis)
Extensor carpi radialus longus (ECRL)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
Extensor digitorum (ED)
Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
LEARN THE 4 ABOVE
Extensor digiti minimi
Deep:
(Supinator)
Extensor indices
Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
Extensor pollicis brevis (EPD)
Abductor pollicis longus (AbPL)
Origin of ECRL, ECRB, ED and ECU
Lateral epicondyle (or above epicondyle)
What do the extensor tendons pass under at the wrists
Extensor retinaculum
Main overall function of the forearm muscles
Control and forceful movements of the wrist and hand - such as gripping
What is the nervous innervation of the forarm
Median and ulnar nerves
What do the median and ulnar nerves supply?
- anterior compartment of the forearm (mostly median)
- intrinsic muscles of the (mostly ulnar)
What does the radial nerve supply?
Posterior compartment of the arm
Posterior compartment of the forearm
The brachial artery divides just below the elbow joint into _____ and _____ arteries
Radial
Ulnar
Main blood supple of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm
Radial and ulnar
What is the main blood supply of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Posterior interosseous (branch of ulnar artery)
What is the blood supply of the hand?
- superficial Palmar arch
- deep palmar arch
