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ANAT241 > 20 > Flashcards

20 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What bones contricute to the elbow joint?

A
  • humerus
  • ulna
  • radius
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3
Q

Elbow joint contains ____ joints contained within a common _____

A

3
Capsule

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4
Q

Three joints of the elbow joint contained within the common capsule …

A
  1. Hemeroulnar
  2. Radiohumeral (is this the same as humeroradial?)
  3. Proximal radioulnar joint
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5
Q

Features of the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints

A

Humeroulnar joint:
- convex trochlea (humerus)
- concave trochlea notch (ulnar)

Humeroradial joint:
- spherical capitulum
- concave head of radius

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6
Q

The humeroulnar and humeroradial joints form what kind of joint? What kind of movements can it do?

A
  • synovial, hinge joint
  • flexion and extension
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7
Q

Proximal ulna

A
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8
Q

What attaches to the olecranon process on the proximal ulna ?

A

(Posterior)
- triceps

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9
Q

What articulates with the radial notch of the proximal ulnar

A

Radial head

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

What attaches to the radial tuberosity ?

A

Biceps brachii

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12
Q

What attaches to the ulnar tuberosity

A

Brachialis

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13
Q

What are the bony components of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A
  • head of the radius (rim)
  • radial notch (ulna)
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14
Q

What is the bony congruence of the proximal radioulnar joint like?

A
  • poor bony congruence
  • reliant of the annular ligament and radial collateral ligament for stability
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15
Q

What kind joint is the proximal radioulnar joint? What movements does it allow?

A
  • synovial, pivot joint
  • super nation and pronation
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16
Q

Shit that can go wrong with the annular ligament of the radioulnar joint

A
  • laxity in childhood
  • yanking movements can dislocate the head of the radius
  • potential damage to ligament
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17
Q

Features of the elbow joint capsule

A
  • outer fibrous, inner synovial layer
  • large, loose, weak
  • blends with annular ligament
  • has no direct attachment to radius
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18
Q

What is the joint capsule of the elbow reinforced by?

A

Collateral ligaments

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19
Q

What do the ulnar and radial collateral ligaments restrict

A
  • radial (lateral) collateral ligaments restrict varus forces
  • ulnar (medial) collateral ligaments restrict valgus forces
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20
Q

Joint classification of the middle radioulnar joint

A

(Interosseous membrane)

Fibrous joint

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21
Q

Joint classification of the distal radioulnar joint

A

(Formed by head of the ulnar and distal part of radius, there is a disk attached to radius which rotates radius)

Synovial pivot joint

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22
Q

Main difference between the middle radioulnar joint and the middle tibiofibular joint ?

A

Radioulnar moves - there is a much stronger connection in the leg

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23
Q

What muscles are involved with pronation ?

A
  • pronator teres
  • pronator quadratus
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24
Q

What muscles are supinators ?

A
  • biceps brachii
  • supinator
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25
Q

Carpal wrist bones form ___ rows of bones and form the ____ ____

A

Two
Carpal arch

(I.e they do not lie in a flat plane)

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26
Q

Distal and proximal rows of carpal bones

A

she left the party
He cuaght the tram

Some lovers try positions that they can’t handle

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27
Q

What carpal bone is most commonly injured

A

Scaphoid

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28
Q

What is a flexor retinaculum

A
  • across the top of the carpal arch
  • it is a thickening of the deep fascia and are there to hold down tendons that will pass through the carpal tunnel
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29
Q

What passes through the carpal tunnel

A
  • tendons that go into our fingers
  • and the medial nerve
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30
Q

What bony components form the hand?

A
  • metacarpals
  • phalanges
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31
Q

What kind of joints are in the hand?

A

Synovial

32
Q

Function of the bones of the hand

A
  • manipulation
  • grip
  • sensation
33
Q

What kind of joint is the weariest (radio-carpal) joint?

A

Ellipsoikd (condyloid) synovial joint

34
Q

What are the bony components of the wrist?

A
  • distal radius (and intra-articular disc)
  • proximal row of carpal bones
35
Q

What movements occur at the radio-carpal (wrist) joint?

A
  • flexion/extension
  • abduction/adduction
  • curcumduction
36
Q

What is the joint capusle of the radio-carpal joint reinforced by?

A

Collateral ligaments

  • radial (lateral) collateral ligaments restricts vasrus forces
  • ulnar (medial) collateral ligaments restricts valgus forces
37
Q

What kind of joint are the interphalangeal joints and what movements do they allow?

A
  • synovial hinge joints
  • flexion and extrension
38
Q

What kind of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints and what movements do they allow?

A

Ellipsoid joints
- flexion and extension
- abduction and adduction
- circumduction

39
Q

What kind of joint is the carpometacarpal joint 1?what movement?

A
  • saddle joint
  • joint at base of thumb
  • important for opposition
40
Q

Intrinsic hand muscles - what muscles move the thumb

A

Thenar

41
Q

What muscles move the 5th digit ?

A

Hypothenar

42
Q
A
43
Q

Muscle function in the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Flexors of wrist and hand (stabilise elbow)

44
Q

Nerve innervation

A

Median (mostly), ulnar

45
Q

Blood innervation of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Radial and ulnar artery and vein

46
Q

Muscle function in the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

Extensors of wrist and hand (stabilise elbow)

47
Q

Nerve innervation of the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

Radial nerve

48
Q

Blood innervation of the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

Posterior interosseous artery and vein

49
Q

Carpi means

A

Wrist

50
Q

Digitorum means

A

Fingers

51
Q

Pollicis means

A

Thumb

52
Q

Ulnaris means

A

Ulnar

53
Q

Radialis

A

Radius

54
Q

What does superficialis mean

A

Superficial

55
Q

What does profundus mean?

A

Deep.

56
Q

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm (flexors)

A

Superficial
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)
Flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

Deep
(flexor digitorum profoundus (FDP), flexor pollicis longus (FPL))

57
Q

Common attachment site of flexor carpi ulnaris and radial and flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Medial epicondyle

58
Q

Where do flexor tendons (to the finger and thumb) pass under at the wrist?

A

The flexor retinaculum - along with the median nerve

59
Q
A
60
Q

What is the floor of the carpal tunnel formed by?

A

Carpal bones

61
Q

What is the roof of the carpal tunnel formed by

A

Flexor retinaculum

62
Q

What passses through the carpal tunnel

A
  • flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) (4 tendons)
  • flexor digitorum profoundus (FDP) (4 tendons)
  • flexor policis longus (FPL)
  • median nerve
63
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A
  • NERVE ENTRAPMENT SYNDROME
  • increased fluid and increased pressure inside the tunnel

Symptoms:
- pain
- atrophy

64
Q

Carpal tunnel repease

A
65
Q

What muscles are in the posterior compartment (extensors) of the forearm

A

Superficial:
(Brachioradialis)
Extensor carpi radialus longus (ECRL)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
Extensor digitorum (ED)
Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
LEARN THE 4 ABOVE
Extensor digiti minimi

Deep:
(Supinator)
Extensor indices
Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
Extensor pollicis brevis (EPD)
Abductor pollicis longus (AbPL)

66
Q

Origin of ECRL, ECRB, ED and ECU

A

Lateral epicondyle (or above epicondyle)

67
Q
A
68
Q

What do the extensor tendons pass under at the wrists

A

Extensor retinaculum

69
Q

Main overall function of the forearm muscles

A

Control and forceful movements of the wrist and hand - such as gripping

70
Q

What is the nervous innervation of the forarm

A

Median and ulnar nerves

71
Q

What do the median and ulnar nerves supply?

A
  • anterior compartment of the forearm (mostly median)
  • intrinsic muscles of the (mostly ulnar)
72
Q

What does the radial nerve supply?

A

Posterior compartment of the arm
Posterior compartment of the forearm

73
Q

The brachial artery divides just below the elbow joint into _____ and _____ arteries

A

Radial
Ulnar

74
Q

Main blood supple of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Radial and ulnar

75
Q

What is the main blood supply of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Posterior interosseous (branch of ulnar artery)

76
Q

What is the blood supply of the hand?

A
  • superficial Palmar arch
  • deep palmar arch
77
Q
A

ANAT241 (29 decks)

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