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Micro > Lectura OCHO y NUEVE > Flashcards

Lectura OCHO y NUEVE Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of a symbiotic relationship do we have with most of the enteric Gram - rods?

A

Mutualistic

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2
Q

What do Legionaires Disease, Bubonic plague, Ulcers, Cholera, Shigellosis and typhoid fever have in common?

A

They are human diseases caused by our “friendly” Gram - bacteria

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3
Q

What are the 5 F’s of Gram - infection of humans?

A

Food, Fluids, Fingers, Flies, and FECES<– (the main one)

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4
Q

What is one of the most important characteristics of Gram - enter bacteria concerning virulence factors?

A

Gene swapping!!! Can change and acquire new virulence factors

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5
Q

What is a disease or microbe that normally exists in other animals but can be transmitted to humans?

A

ZOOnotic

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6
Q

What do these three bacterium describe? Salmonella Typhi, Shigella, Yersinia pestis?

A

Frank pathogens

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7
Q

What are the 4 pathogenic forms of E. Coli?

A

ETEC (Toxogenic), EHEC (Hemorrhagic), EPEC (Pathogenic), EIEC (Invasive)…P-HIT!

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8
Q

What is the “serology classification” Letter for the Gram - rod Flagella antigen of a microbe?

A

H

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9
Q

What is the “serology classification” Letter for the Gram - rod Capsule antigen of a microbe?

A

K

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10
Q

What is the “serology classification” Letter for the Gram - rod LPS/Wall antigen of a microbe?

A

O

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11
Q

What is our example of using “serology classification” for the Gram - rod of E.Coli that makes it into the news so frequently?

A

EHEC O-157-H-7 (O=LPS/Wall-157=the antibody for O, H=Flagella, 7= the antibody for the flagella) HAS Shiga-LIKE toxin!!

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12
Q

Which two Gram - rods use Macrophage taxis?

A

Salmonella and Yersinia

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13
Q

Which form of E.Coli causes disease in infants simply by adhering to the s.i. mucosal cells?

A

EPEC

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14
Q

Review: What are the two combating results of Sepsis?

A

D.I.C. (disseminating intravascular coagulation) and HypoVolemic Shock

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15
Q

What is the main exotoxin used by a Gram - bacterium? What are the main two targets of this exotoxin?

A

A-B. 1.A-B EnteroToxin (ribosylation) 2. A-B toxin Ribosomal RNA cutter

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16
Q

What caused WREB at OHSU to be postponed last year? What bacterium do you look for in the water if looking fro fecal contamination?

A

E.Coli!!!

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17
Q

What are the five F’s for Gram - rod transmission?

A

Fluids, Fingers, Flies, Feces, Food

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18
Q

WHAT IS THE FORMULA FOR D.C.P (disease causing potential)???????BIG CONCEPT!!!

A

[(VIRULENCE) X (DOSE)] / HOST RESISTANCE

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19
Q

What time of year do enteric gram - rods usually strike?

A

summer!

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20
Q

Which bacterium uses bacterial-directed endocytosis of M-cells and induces pseudopods to sneak past immune response? What is the hallmark outcome of this pathogen?

A

Shigella=Dysentery (blood and pus in stool)

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21
Q

What exotoxin do some S. Dysenteriae strains produce? What is the mode of action?

A

Shiga toxin. A-B toxin that cleaves ribosomal RNA.

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22
Q

What is the early result of Shiga toxin entering the blood steam of young people? What is the END result?

A

Early/LOCAL= Ulcer….END/SYSTEMIC= result: HUS (hemolytic uremic syndrome)…RENAL FAILURE! deadly!!

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23
Q

Which E.Coli contains a “shiga-like” toxin that can produce similar effects?

A

EHEC

24
Q

Rank the three Shigella viruses from MOST toxic to lease toxic. ALSO which one is most common in USandA?

A

s. DYSENTERIAE—>Flex-Neri—>sonnei (Sonnei most common in USandA)

25
Q

Which microbe is ACID resistant? IT MAKE SENSE!

A

Shigella! (It gets thru the stomach and does damage on the gut!)

26
Q

Is salmonella acid resistant?

A

NO, Salmonella is sensitive to acid, so it takes a LARGE dose to make it thru to the gut

27
Q

What allows the Salmonella to get into the blood stream after its local gut infection? What is the end result of this bacteremia?

A

Macrophage Taxis!..>END result= Typhoid Fever (typhus-like fever)

28
Q

What are the three Salmonella bugs from MOST toxic to least?

A

TYPHI–>Typhi-murium–>Enterica

29
Q

What disease do MOST salmonella infections cause?

A

just diarrhea…typhoid fever is rare, and it HAS to be a S. Typhi infection

30
Q

Is salmonilla a “true” food poisoning?

A

Nope, its an infection.

31
Q

Which bacteria is Dr. M rolling the dice with when getting his sunny-side up egg @ Denny’s?

A

Salmonilla (can get thru the egg shell!)

32
Q

Which E. Coli strain is associated with V. Cholera exotoxin gene and watery diarrhea?

A

E Toxigenic EC

33
Q

Which E. Coli strain is associated with Shiga-LIKE-Toxin, Bloody Dysentary, and HUS?

A

E Hemorrhagic EC

34
Q

Which E.Coli strain is associated with Shigella exotoxin gene, adherence gene, and diarrhea?

A

E Pathogenic EC

35
Q

Which E. Coli strain is associated with Invasive genes and dysentary?

A

E Invasive EC

36
Q

What happened to the Brazillian model?

A

UTI

37
Q

What do E. Coli need to develop to be able to withstand the flushing forces of the U.T. and cause a U.T.I?

A

Specialized Adhesions (FIMBRIAE)

38
Q

What does the E. Coli have to reach to make it a systemic UTI?

A

Kidneys! Systemic LPS the result!

39
Q

What bacterium is described by Curved Gm- Rods, EnteroToxin which ribosylates a G Protein?

A

Vibrio Cholerae

40
Q

What curved Gm - bacterium is common in the chicken gut, has shiga-like toxin, 60s ribosomes, and is the MAJOR cause of diarrhea and colitis? (i probably catch this bad boy once a month :) )

A

Cam-pylo-bacter Jejuni

41
Q

Which spiral Gm- Rod caused grandma’s ulcers, and uses UREASE to produce toxic ammonia (increases pH) and most of us have it?

A

Heli-co-bacter Pylori

42
Q

What gram - rod is found in the air and dirt that causes 90% OF THE CYSTIC FIBROSIS DEATHS? Also found in burns and after surgery.

A

PSEUDO-MON-AS AER-UG-IN-O-SA

43
Q

Which Gm- rod was associated with being the KEY to PERIODONTAL disease? so your thinking about PERIO, eh? you better get this right!!

A

BACTERIODES

44
Q

Which fragile, short, gm- rod is capsulated binds to ciliated bronchi and tracheal epithelium

A

BORD-ET-ELLA PERT-US-IS (pert-us-is, not per-too-sis, and you wanna be a doctor?)

45
Q

What is the carrier for yersina pestis? What is the vector? How is it transmitted to humans and from humans?

A

Carrier: urban rats….. Vector: Flea….Transmitted to human via Flea bite and can also be transmitted via pneumonic transfer

46
Q

How did the bubonic plate get its name?

A

Bubo=lymph node. Flea bits ankle. Y. Pestis climbs up to lymph nodes in groin. TURNS the lymph node BLACK (subcutaneous hemorrhage)

47
Q

How deadly is it if the y. pestis infection occurs in the lungs? (pneumonic plague)?

A

100% MORTALITY RATE!

48
Q

What is passive, adaptive immunity?

A

Receiving Ab’s from outside your own body

49
Q

How long is Ab half-life? What types of PROBLEMS can passive immunity help us with?

A

21 days yo!…SNAKE venom, tetanus toxin, hep viruses

50
Q

Which Ig passes the placenta?

A

IgG yo!

51
Q

Which Ig blocks pathogen anywhere the baby gets breast milk?

A

IgA yo!

52
Q

How is cholera contracted? Is it sensitive to stomach acid?

A

Poopy water ingestion…yes sensitive to stomach acid (need HIGH dose!)

53
Q

What type of Toxin is used by v. cholera? What does it do? How is it treated? What is the mortality rate?…IF THE CHOLERA DOESN’T KILL US, THE NATIONALISTS MIGHT!

A

A-B toxin, flips the NaCl switch…treated with fluids and electrolytes. 40-60% mortality

54
Q

Why is Nestle an asshole?

A

They promoted their formula to 3rd world countries where babies NEED mom’s sIgA

55
Q

When is the “window of susceptibility” for a baby?

A

3-6mo…mom’s IgG’s gone, baby just starting to make their own

Micro (16 decks)

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