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Lectura OCHO y NUEVE Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of a symbiotic relationship do we have with most of the enteric Gram - rods?

A

Mutualistic

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2
Q

What do Legionaires Disease, Bubonic plague, Ulcers, Cholera, Shigellosis and typhoid fever have in common?

A

They are human diseases caused by our “friendly” Gram - bacteria

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3
Q

What are the 5 F’s of Gram - infection of humans?

A

Food, Fluids, Fingers, Flies, and FECES<– (the main one)

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4
Q

What is one of the most important characteristics of Gram - enter bacteria concerning virulence factors?

A

Gene swapping!!! Can change and acquire new virulence factors

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5
Q

What is a disease or microbe that normally exists in other animals but can be transmitted to humans?

A

ZOOnotic

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6
Q

What do these three bacterium describe? Salmonella Typhi, Shigella, Yersinia pestis?

A

Frank pathogens

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7
Q

What are the 4 pathogenic forms of E. Coli?

A

ETEC (Toxogenic), EHEC (Hemorrhagic), EPEC (Pathogenic), EIEC (Invasive)…P-HIT!

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8
Q

What is the “serology classification” Letter for the Gram - rod Flagella antigen of a microbe?

A

H

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9
Q

What is the “serology classification” Letter for the Gram - rod Capsule antigen of a microbe?

A

K

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10
Q

What is the “serology classification” Letter for the Gram - rod LPS/Wall antigen of a microbe?

A

O

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11
Q

What is our example of using “serology classification” for the Gram - rod of E.Coli that makes it into the news so frequently?

A

EHEC O-157-H-7 (O=LPS/Wall-157=the antibody for O, H=Flagella, 7= the antibody for the flagella) HAS Shiga-LIKE toxin!!

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12
Q

Which two Gram - rods use Macrophage taxis?

A

Salmonella and Yersinia

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13
Q

Which form of E.Coli causes disease in infants simply by adhering to the s.i. mucosal cells?

A

EPEC

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14
Q

Review: What are the two combating results of Sepsis?

A

D.I.C. (disseminating intravascular coagulation) and HypoVolemic Shock

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15
Q

What is the main exotoxin used by a Gram - bacterium? What are the main two targets of this exotoxin?

A

A-B. 1.A-B EnteroToxin (ribosylation) 2. A-B toxin Ribosomal RNA cutter

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16
Q

What caused WREB at OHSU to be postponed last year? What bacterium do you look for in the water if looking fro fecal contamination?

A

E.Coli!!!

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17
Q

What are the five F’s for Gram - rod transmission?

A

Fluids, Fingers, Flies, Feces, Food

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18
Q

WHAT IS THE FORMULA FOR D.C.P (disease causing potential)???????BIG CONCEPT!!!

A

[(VIRULENCE) X (DOSE)] / HOST RESISTANCE

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19
Q

What time of year do enteric gram - rods usually strike?

A

summer!

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20
Q

Which bacterium uses bacterial-directed endocytosis of M-cells and induces pseudopods to sneak past immune response? What is the hallmark outcome of this pathogen?

A

Shigella=Dysentery (blood and pus in stool)

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21
Q

What exotoxin do some S. Dysenteriae strains produce? What is the mode of action?

A

Shiga toxin. A-B toxin that cleaves ribosomal RNA.

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22
Q

What is the early result of Shiga toxin entering the blood steam of young people? What is the END result?

A

Early/LOCAL= Ulcer….END/SYSTEMIC= result: HUS (hemolytic uremic syndrome)…RENAL FAILURE! deadly!!

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23
Q

Which E.Coli contains a “shiga-like” toxin that can produce similar effects?

24
Q

Rank the three Shigella viruses from MOST toxic to lease toxic. ALSO which one is most common in USandA?

A

s. DYSENTERIAE—>Flex-Neri—>sonnei (Sonnei most common in USandA)

25
Which microbe is ACID resistant? IT MAKE SENSE!
Shigella! (It gets thru the stomach and does damage on the gut!)
26
Is salmonella acid resistant?
NO, Salmonella is sensitive to acid, so it takes a LARGE dose to make it thru to the gut
27
What allows the Salmonella to get into the blood stream after its local gut infection? What is the end result of this bacteremia?
Macrophage Taxis!..>END result= Typhoid Fever (typhus-like fever)
28
What are the three Salmonella bugs from MOST toxic to least?
TYPHI-->Typhi-murium-->Enterica
29
What disease do MOST salmonella infections cause?
just diarrhea...typhoid fever is rare, and it HAS to be a S. Typhi infection
30
Is salmonilla a "true" food poisoning?
Nope, its an infection.
31
Which bacteria is Dr. M rolling the dice with when getting his sunny-side up egg @ Denny's?
Salmonilla (can get thru the egg shell!)
32
Which E. Coli strain is associated with V. Cholera exotoxin gene and watery diarrhea?
E Toxigenic EC
33
Which E. Coli strain is associated with Shiga-LIKE-Toxin, Bloody Dysentary, and HUS?
E Hemorrhagic EC
34
Which E.Coli strain is associated with Shigella exotoxin gene, adherence gene, and diarrhea?
E Pathogenic EC
35
Which E. Coli strain is associated with Invasive genes and dysentary?
E Invasive EC
36
What happened to the Brazillian model?
UTI
37
What do E. Coli need to develop to be able to withstand the flushing forces of the U.T. and cause a U.T.I?
Specialized Adhesions (FIMBRIAE)
38
What does the E. Coli have to reach to make it a systemic UTI?
Kidneys! Systemic LPS the result!
39
What bacterium is described by Curved Gm- Rods, EnteroToxin which ribosylates a G Protein?
Vibrio Cholerae
40
What curved Gm - bacterium is common in the chicken gut, has shiga-like toxin, 60s ribosomes, and is the MAJOR cause of diarrhea and colitis? (i probably catch this bad boy once a month :) )
Cam-pylo-bacter Jejuni
41
Which spiral Gm- Rod caused grandma's ulcers, and uses UREASE to produce toxic ammonia (increases pH) and most of us have it?
Heli-co-bacter Pylori
42
What gram - rod is found in the air and dirt that causes 90% OF THE CYSTIC FIBROSIS DEATHS? Also found in burns and after surgery.
PSEUDO-MON-AS AER-UG-IN-O-SA
43
Which Gm- rod was associated with being the KEY to PERIODONTAL disease? so your thinking about PERIO, eh? you better get this right!!
BACTERIODES
44
Which fragile, short, gm- rod is capsulated binds to ciliated bronchi and tracheal epithelium
BORD-ET-ELLA PERT-US-IS (pert-us-is, not per-too-sis, and you wanna be a doctor?)
45
What is the carrier for yersina pestis? What is the vector? How is it transmitted to humans and from humans?
Carrier: urban rats..... Vector: Flea....Transmitted to human via Flea bite and can also be transmitted via pneumonic transfer
46
How did the bubonic plate get its name?
Bubo=lymph node. Flea bits ankle. Y. Pestis climbs up to lymph nodes in groin. TURNS the lymph node BLACK (subcutaneous hemorrhage)
47
How deadly is it if the y. pestis infection occurs in the lungs? (pneumonic plague)?
100% MORTALITY RATE!
48
What is passive, adaptive immunity?
Receiving Ab's from outside your own body
49
How long is Ab half-life? What types of PROBLEMS can passive immunity help us with?
21 days yo!...SNAKE venom, tetanus toxin, hep viruses
50
Which Ig passes the placenta?
IgG yo!
51
Which Ig blocks pathogen anywhere the baby gets breast milk?
IgA yo!
52
How is cholera contracted? Is it sensitive to stomach acid?
Poopy water ingestion...yes sensitive to stomach acid (need HIGH dose!)
53
What type of Toxin is used by v. cholera? What does it do? How is it treated? What is the mortality rate?...IF THE CHOLERA DOESN'T KILL US, THE NATIONALISTS MIGHT!
A-B toxin, flips the NaCl switch...treated with fluids and electrolytes. 40-60% mortality
54
Why is Nestle an asshole?
They promoted their formula to 3rd world countries where babies NEED mom's sIgA
55
When is the "window of susceptibility" for a baby?
3-6mo...mom's IgG's gone, baby just starting to make their own

Micro (16 decks)

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