Lec18-the HIV

Question 1

What is unique about the HIV genome? What type of nucleic acid is in there?

Answer 1

its DIPLOID! its (+)ssRNA

Question 2

Is the HIV enveloped or NON-enveloped?

Answer 2

Enveloped

Question 3

What does the HIV use to integrate into the host genome?

Answer 3

Reverse Transcriptase…a RNA-Dependent, DNA Polymerase!

Question 4

What are the two out comes of Retroviruses?

Answer 4

Human Tumors & Immunodificency

Question 5

What are the two sub categories of a retrovirus? Which are considered horizontal? vertical?

Answer 5

Exogenous(horizontal) and Endogenous(vertical)

Question 6

What are the three types of exogenous retrovirus?

Answer 6

1.Oncovirus 2.Lentiviruses 3.Spumaviruses

Question 7

What is the main example of an retrovirus>exogenous>oncovirus?

Answer 7

HTLV I and II–Human Leukemias

Question 8

What is the main example of a retrovirus>exogenous>lentivirus?

Answer 8

HIV 1 (slow immunity progression) and HIV 2 (brain lesion)

Question 9

What happens with the no pathology spumavirus?

Answer 9

air filled vacuoles in the cell (spongy-spuma)

Question 10

What is the story behind the endogenous retrovirus? What is its name, how much of our genome is made of this madness? What pregnancy structure does it code for??

Answer 10

8% of the human genome is caused by “HERV” (human endogenous retro virus). it codes for formation of the placenta!!!!!

Question 11

What is the main mode of transmission of HIV?

Answer 11

Sexual transmission

Question 12

What is the main risk factor we discussed for contracting HIV?

Answer 12

Loss of the epithelial barrier (STI!!!)

Question 13

What is the chance of contracting HIV with Vertical transmission?

Answer 13

25% (less then I expected!)

Question 14

What is the chance of contracting HIV with a blood transfusion?

Answer 14

90%!!

Question 15

What is the chance of contrition of HIV with homosexual sex?

Answer 15

63%

Question 16

What is the chance of HIV contraction with a needle stick?

Answer 16

0.3%

Question 17

What are the four parts of the HIV genome we keyed in on?

Answer 17

gp120,gp41, Reverse Transcritase, Protease–cell is not infectious w/o protease!!

Question 18

Which antigen does the Helper T-cell present?

Answer 18

CD-4

Question 19

Which antigen does the Cytotoxic T cell present?

Answer 19

CD-8

Question 20

Which HIV antigen binds to the helper T-cell CD-4?

Answer 20

gp120

Question 21

What are the three keys to why there is such a high mutation rate for HIV?

Answer 21

1.ssRNA 2.no RNA spell check 3.Diploid

Question 22

Which has the higher mutation rate? dsRNA vs ssRNA

Answer 22

dsRNA has something to check against

Question 23

Which helper T-Cell antigen binds with the HIV gp41? INTERESTING story!

Answer 23

CCR5-1% of Euro decent have had this gene deleted so they cannot become infected!

Question 24

Regarding the production of helper T-cells…When do opportunistic pathogens begin?

Answer 24

When the thymus cannot continue making helper T-cells to eat the HIV and then have cytotoxic T-cells eat the helper T-cells

Question 25

What are the three opportunistic infections we focused on?

Answer 25

1.Fungal (ORAL THRUSH) 2.Herpes 3.TB

Question 26

What is the most common HIV treatment today? What are 3 main points about it?

Answer 26

HAART (Highly Acute Anti-Retroviral Therapy) 1.Extends life 12 years 2. Expensive 3.Multiple drugs so virus does not mutate out from under it