Lec18-the HIV Flashcards
What is unique about the HIV genome? What type of nucleic acid is in there?
its DIPLOID! its (+)ssRNA
Is the HIV enveloped or NON-enveloped?
Enveloped
What does the HIV use to integrate into the host genome?
Reverse Transcriptase…a RNA-Dependent, DNA Polymerase!
What are the two out comes of Retroviruses?
Human Tumors & Immunodificency
What are the two sub categories of a retrovirus? Which are considered horizontal? vertical?
Exogenous(horizontal) and Endogenous(vertical)
What are the three types of exogenous retrovirus?
1.Oncovirus 2.Lentiviruses 3.Spumaviruses
What is the main example of an retrovirus>exogenous>oncovirus?
HTLV I and II–Human Leukemias
What is the main example of a retrovirus>exogenous>lentivirus?
HIV 1 (slow immunity progression) and HIV 2 (brain lesion)
What happens with the no pathology spumavirus?
air filled vacuoles in the cell (spongy-spuma)
What is the story behind the endogenous retrovirus? What is its name, how much of our genome is made of this madness? What pregnancy structure does it code for??
8% of the human genome is caused by “HERV” (human endogenous retro virus). it codes for formation of the placenta!!!!!
What is the main mode of transmission of HIV?
Sexual transmission
What is the main risk factor we discussed for contracting HIV?
Loss of the epithelial barrier (STI!!!)
What is the chance of contracting HIV with Vertical transmission?
25% (less then I expected!)
What is the chance of contracting HIV with a blood transfusion?
90%!!
What is the chance of contrition of HIV with homosexual sex?
63%
What is the chance of HIV contraction with a needle stick?
0.3%
What are the four parts of the HIV genome we keyed in on?
gp120,gp41, Reverse Transcritase, Protease–cell is not infectious w/o protease!!
Which antigen does the Helper T-cell present?
CD-4
Which antigen does the Cytotoxic T cell present?
CD-8
Which HIV antigen binds to the helper T-cell CD-4?
gp120
What are the three keys to why there is such a high mutation rate for HIV?
1.ssRNA 2.no RNA spell check 3.Diploid
Which has the higher mutation rate? dsRNA vs ssRNA
dsRNA has something to check against
Which helper T-Cell antigen binds with the HIV gp41? INTERESTING story!
CCR5-1% of Euro decent have had this gene deleted so they cannot become infected!
Regarding the production of helper T-cells…When do opportunistic pathogens begin?
When the thymus cannot continue making helper T-cells to eat the HIV and then have cytotoxic T-cells eat the helper T-cells
What are the three opportunistic infections we focused on?
1.Fungal (ORAL THRUSH) 2.Herpes 3.TB
What is the most common HIV treatment today? What are 3 main points about it?
HAART (Highly Acute Anti-Retroviral Therapy) 1.Extends life 12 years 2. Expensive 3.Multiple drugs so virus does not mutate out from under it
