LEC3 - CELLULAR ADAPTATION Flashcards
are reversible changes in the number,
size, phenotype, metabolic activity or functions of cells in response to changes in their environment.
Adaptations
Adaptations are reversible changes in the _______ of
cells in response to changes in their environment.
number,
size,
phenotype,
metabolic activity or functions
2 types of adaptations
◆ Physiologic adaptations
◆ Pathologic adaptations
An adaptation to stress can progress
to functionally significant __
if the stress is not relieved
cell injury
Represent responses of cells to normal stimulation by hormones or endogenous chemical mediators.
Physiologic Adaptations
a physiologic adaptation that induced enlargement of the breast and uterus during pregnancy, this is mainly because of ___
Hormone
Responses to stress that allow cells to modulate their structure and function.
Pathologic Adaptations
is an increase in the size of cells
resulting in increase in the size of the organ
Hypertrophy
form of adaptation wherein there’s increased cell and organ size
Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy
induced by growth factors produced in response to ___ or ___
mechanical stress or other stimuli
what are the causes of increase of the size of the cell or known as hypertrophy
PHYSIOLOGIC CELLULAR HYPERTROPHY
PATHOLOGIC CELLULAR HYPERTROPHY
the type of hypertrophy which is one of the example is
the Increased workload in the striated muscle cells in both skeletal and heart
Physiologic Cellular Hypertrophy
the type of hypertrophy which is one of the example is
Cardiac enlargement that occurs with hypertension or aortic valve disease
Pathologic Cellular Hypertrophy
a lot of number of genes that will stimulate the number of growth factors
transduction pathway
the causes of the increase in number of cells in Physiologic Cellular Hypertrophy
induced by growth factors that stimulates cell protein
Hypertrophy can be physiologic or pathologic and is
caused either by ____or ____
increased functional demand or by growth factor or hormonal stimulation
what is the common pathologic cellular hypertrophy __
cardiac enlargement
what are the mechanical stressors causing cardiac enlargement
hypertension
The type of reversible injury is
ischemia
the type of irreversible injury is ___.
ischemic coagulative necrosis
the normal ventricular wall’s thickness is ___ cm
1-1.5
to confirm myocardial hypertrophy, we will use an enzyme substrate that colors viable myocardium.
Triphenyltetrazolium chloride
Triphenyltetrazolium chloride will color the myocardium as colored ____ signifying viable cells
magenta
using Triphenyltetrazolium chloride enzyme substrate, how will you know if the cells are already dead
Failure to stain is due to enzyme loss after cell
death.