Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hpct > LAB2 - Morphologic Pattern and Cellular Adaptation Injury > Flashcards

LAB2 - Morphologic Pattern and Cellular Adaptation Injury Flashcards

1
Q

occurs when the cell is unable to adapt to the
injurious stimuli

A

Cell injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 Types of Cell Injury

A

1) Reversible Cell Injury
2) Irreversible Cell Injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cell injury may be brought about by several injurious stimuli
affecting the cells and the tissues, injury may be seen as any
of or a combination of the following patter

A

o Cellular swelling or lysis
o Cytoplasmic loss of glycogen
o Nuclear pyknosis or lysis
o Cellular fatty change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anything that is Beyond normal value/ appearance/ description is called

A

pathological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

accumulation of triacylglycerol in hepatocytes

A

Steatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

in Steatosis, what is accumulated in liver cells

A

triacylglycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

is Fatty Change reversible?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fatty Change is Observed in the following Tests

A

Biochemical Assays
Ultrasound
Blood Analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is observed in Biochemical Assays if there’s a fatty change

A

increased lipid profile
(triglycerides, HDL, LDL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is observed in ultrasound if there’s a fatty change

A

fatty change itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is observed in blood analysis if there’s a fatty change

A

increased Alanine transaminase
(SGPT/ ALT)
Aspartate transaminase (SGOT/
AST)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Polygonal cells with well-defined cell borders

A

Hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is a common finding in liver biopsy specimens

A

Steatosis–accumulation of triacylglycerol in
hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contains one or more nuclei (depending onto the
maturity)

A

Hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

in intracellular accumulatios, the liver with deranged lipoprotein transport from injury most often because of alcoholism leads to accumulation of ___

A

lipid in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Staining used for analyzing fatty changes on heart and liver cells

A

hematoxylin and eosin staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe the appearance of serum pf a patient with steatosis

A

chylous or turbid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

it can happen in cellular injury

A

intracellular accumulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

deranged lipoprotein transport from injury (alcoholism) leads to accumulation of lipids in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes

A

fatty metamorphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ü Steatosis in the liver can be present in either a
_____ or ____ pattern.

A

microvesicular or a macrovesicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The most common form of steatosis

A

Macrovesicular steatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2 types of steatosis

A

macro and micro vesicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Histologically characterized by hepatocytes
containing a single vacuole of fat filling up the
hepatocyte and displacing the nucleus to the cell’s
periphery

A

Macrovesicular steatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

once vacuoles are observed in the ____
examination it is considered as pathological

A

microscopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Fatty degeneration of the heart is a retrogressive condition in
which fat droplets are found in the ___

A

myocardial sarcoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Blood Analysis of farty change in the heart

A

Increased SGPT/ SGOT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

in fatty change in the heart, there will be a significant increase of __

A

triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

: the cytoplasm of smooth-muscle cells and striated
and myocardial muscle fibers

A

Sarcoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

cardiac muscle tissue characteristics

A

striated muscle fibers
branched with intercalated disc
uninucleated
involuntary heart movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

appearance or characteristics of cells in congestive heart failure

A

swollen cells are seen with compressed microvasculature

small clear vacuoles (vacuolar degeneration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

___ is one of the early signs of cellular
degeneration in response to injury

A

Hydropic change

32
Q

Refers to the accumulation of water in the cell

A

Hydropic Change

33
Q

in hydropic change of a sample with congestive heart failure

A

small cytoplasmic blebs are seen

nucleus appear pale

34
Q

The accumulation of water in the tubular cells is usually due to
___ of the tissue with a resultant decrease in aerobic
respiration in the mitochondria and a decreased production ATP

A

hypoxia

35
Q

is hydropic change reversible?

A

yes

36
Q

what can we seen in hydropic change if the specimen is heart

A

Swollen cells are seen with
compressed
microvasculature (fluid
accumulation in cells

37
Q

Cell swelling due to accumulation of water in the kidney

A

Hydropic Degeneration: Renal Tubular Cells

38
Q

Hydropic Degeneration of a Renal Tubular Cells is also called as

A

Cloudy swelling

39
Q

in the hydropic change of a kidney. describe the Tubular epithelial cells

A

are distended with cytoplasmic
vacuoles while the interstitial
vasculature is compressed

and the nuclei affected tubules are pale

40
Q

Normal Kidney Tubules

epithelial cells stain color

A

evenly pink (eosinophiic) in cytoplasm, with purple basophilic nucleic acids confined to the nuclei

41
Q

Normal Kidney Tubules

nucleic acid stain

A

purple (basophilic)

42
Q

Apical surfaces of a normal kidney tubules are

A

ciliated

43
Q

in a normal kidney tubule, the interstitia are ___

A

not infiltrated by immune cells nor congested with protein

44
Q

normal kidney tubules are interstitial not infiltrated with
immune cells nor congested
with proteins

true or false

A

tru

45
Q

Swollen Kidney Tubules

which stains increased

A

Increased eosinophilic staining
(pink) for cytoplasm

46
Q

Swollen Kidney Tubules

which stains decrese

A

Decreased basophilic staining
(RNA) (purple)

47
Q

describe the plasma membrane of a swollen kidney tubules

A

Plasma membrane rounding,
blebbing, loss of cilia, due to
loss of connections with
cytoskeleton

48
Q

describe the integrity of a tubules and the basement membrane of a swollen kidney tubules

A

the integrity of a tubule are degrading but the basement membranes are intact

49
Q

Swollen Kidney Tubules

Nuclei largely intact, slightly
narrowed __(chromatin
clumping)

A

pyknotic

50
Q

term for cellular
fragmentation

A

Karyorrhexis

51
Q

term for loss and fading of
nuclei

A

karyolyis

52
Q

describe the happenings in a necrotic kidney tubules

A
  • cellular fragmentation - karyorrhexis
  • loss and fading nuclei - karyolysis
  • Burst membranes
  • Loss of tissue membranes
53
Q

Reversible Damage: Cellular Swelling is also called as

A

hydropic change,
vacuolar degeneration,
cellular edema

54
Q

__ is an acute reversible change resulting as a
response to nonlethal injuries

A

Cellular swelling

55
Q

Reversible Damage: Cellular Swelling

It is an intracytoplasmic accumulation of water due to
incapacity of the cells to maintain the

A

ionic and fluid homeostasis

56
Q

Reversible Damage: Cellular Swell

It is easy to be observed in parenchymal organs;

A

o Liver (hepatitis, hypoxia)
o Kidney (shock)
o Myocardium (hypoxia, phosphate intoxication)

57
Q

Reversible Damage: Cellular Swelling

It may be local or diffuse, affecting the whole organ

trru or false

A

true

58
Q

___ refers to the different mechanism by which
a cell undergoes in response to or as a compensation to the
stress brought about by injurious factors

A

Cellular adaptation

59
Q

When cells are injured, one of two patterns will generally result:

A

o Reversible cell injury leading to adaptation of the
cells and tissue
o Irreversible cell injury leading to cell death and tissue
damage

60
Q

Reversible cell injury can result to

A

cell and tissue adaptation

61
Q

Irreversible cell injury can result to__

A

cell death and tissue damage

62
Q

When cells adapt to injury, their adaptive changes can be:

A

o Atrophy
o Hypertrophy
o Hyperplasia
o Metaplasia

63
Q
  • The number of cells is the
    same as before the ____
    occurred, but the size of some
    fibers is reduced
A

atrophy

64
Q

This is a response to injury by
“downsizing” to conserve the
cell

A

Atrophy

65
Q

Staining used for atrophy visualization

A

trichrome, H&E

66
Q

pale brown-yellow
pigment

A

Lipochrome

67
Q

a same number of cells but increased in size

A

hypertrophy

68
Q

Increase of the number of cells (depends on to the hormonal
response – physiological or pathological)

A

Hyperplasia

69
Q

a way of adaptation of cells in which it is Involved with the mitosis of the cells

A

hyperplasia

70
Q

Metaplasia is not a normal physiologic process and may be the
first step toward __ if cells are unable to
adapt

A

neoplasia

71
Q

the replacement of normal adult cell type with
another type of adult cell type

A

Metaplasia

72
Q

Always on a chronic condition / prolonged exposure
to the toxic agent

A

Metaplasia

73
Q

etiologic causes of cellular swelling in liver

A

hepatitis and hypoxia

74
Q

etiologic causes of cellular swelling in kidney

A

shock

75
Q

etiologic causes of cellular swelling in heart

A

hypoxia, phosphate intoxication

76
Q
A

Hpct (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions