Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Hpct > LAB2 - Morphologic Pattern and Cellular Adaptation Injury > Flashcards

LAB2 - Morphologic Pattern and Cellular Adaptation Injury Flashcards

1
Q

occurs when the cell is unable to adapt to the
injurious stimuli

A

Cell injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 Types of Cell Injury

A

1) Reversible Cell Injury
2) Irreversible Cell Injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cell injury may be brought about by several injurious stimuli
affecting the cells and the tissues, injury may be seen as any
of or a combination of the following patter

A

o Cellular swelling or lysis
o Cytoplasmic loss of glycogen
o Nuclear pyknosis or lysis
o Cellular fatty change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anything that is Beyond normal value/ appearance/ description is called

A

pathological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

accumulation of triacylglycerol in hepatocytes

A

Steatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

in Steatosis, what is accumulated in liver cells

A

triacylglycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

is Fatty Change reversible?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fatty Change is Observed in the following Tests

A

Biochemical Assays
Ultrasound
Blood Analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is observed in Biochemical Assays if there’s a fatty change

A

increased lipid profile
(triglycerides, HDL, LDL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is observed in ultrasound if there’s a fatty change

A

fatty change itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is observed in blood analysis if there’s a fatty change

A

increased Alanine transaminase
(SGPT/ ALT)
Aspartate transaminase (SGOT/
AST)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Polygonal cells with well-defined cell borders

A

Hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is a common finding in liver biopsy specimens

A

Steatosis–accumulation of triacylglycerol in
hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contains one or more nuclei (depending onto the
maturity)

A

Hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

in intracellular accumulatios, the liver with deranged lipoprotein transport from injury most often because of alcoholism leads to accumulation of ___

A

lipid in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Staining used for analyzing fatty changes on heart and liver cells

A

hematoxylin and eosin staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe the appearance of serum pf a patient with steatosis

A

chylous or turbid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

it can happen in cellular injury

A

intracellular accumulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

deranged lipoprotein transport from injury (alcoholism) leads to accumulation of lipids in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes

A

fatty metamorphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ü Steatosis in the liver can be present in either a
_____ or ____ pattern.

A

microvesicular or a macrovesicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The most common form of steatosis

A

Macrovesicular steatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2 types of steatosis

A

macro and micro vesicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Histologically characterized by hepatocytes
containing a single vacuole of fat filling up the
hepatocyte and displacing the nucleus to the cell’s
periphery

A

Macrovesicular steatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

once vacuoles are observed in the ____
examination it is considered as pathological

A

microscopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Fatty degeneration of the heart is a retrogressive condition in which fat droplets are found in the ___
myocardial sarcoplasm
26
Blood Analysis of farty change in the heart
Increased SGPT/ SGOT
27
in fatty change in the heart, there will be a significant increase of __
triglycerides
28
: the cytoplasm of smooth-muscle cells and striated and myocardial muscle fibers
Sarcoplasm
29
cardiac muscle tissue characteristics
striated muscle fibers branched with intercalated disc uninucleated involuntary heart movement
30
appearance or characteristics of cells in congestive heart failure
swollen cells are seen with compressed microvasculature small clear vacuoles (vacuolar degeneration)
31
___ is one of the early signs of cellular degeneration in response to injury
Hydropic change
32
Refers to the accumulation of water in the cell
Hydropic Change
33
in hydropic change of a sample with congestive heart failure
small cytoplasmic blebs are seen nucleus appear pale
34
The accumulation of water in the tubular cells is usually due to ___ of the tissue with a resultant decrease in aerobic respiration in the mitochondria and a decreased production ATP
hypoxia
35
is hydropic change reversible?
yes
36
what can we seen in hydropic change if the specimen is heart
Swollen cells are seen with compressed microvasculature (fluid accumulation in cells
37
Cell swelling due to accumulation of water in the kidney
Hydropic Degeneration: Renal Tubular Cells
38
Hydropic Degeneration of a Renal Tubular Cells is also called as
Cloudy swelling
39
in the hydropic change of a kidney. describe the Tubular epithelial cells
are distended with cytoplasmic vacuoles while the interstitial vasculature is compressed and the nuclei affected tubules are pale
40
Normal Kidney Tubules epithelial cells stain color
evenly pink (eosinophiic) in cytoplasm, with purple basophilic nucleic acids confined to the nuclei
41
Normal Kidney Tubules nucleic acid stain
purple (basophilic)
42
Apical surfaces of a normal kidney tubules are
ciliated
43
in a normal kidney tubule, the interstitia are ___
not infiltrated by immune cells nor congested with protein
44
normal kidney tubules are interstitial not infiltrated with immune cells nor congested with proteins true or false
tru
45
Swollen Kidney Tubules which stains increased
Increased eosinophilic staining (pink) for cytoplasm
46
Swollen Kidney Tubules which stains decrese
Decreased basophilic staining (RNA) (purple)
47
describe the plasma membrane of a swollen kidney tubules
Plasma membrane rounding, blebbing, loss of cilia, due to loss of connections with cytoskeleton
48
describe the integrity of a tubules and the basement membrane of a swollen kidney tubules
the integrity of a tubule are degrading but the basement membranes are intact
49
Swollen Kidney Tubules Nuclei largely intact, slightly narrowed __(chromatin clumping)
pyknotic
50
term for cellular fragmentation
Karyorrhexis
51
term for loss and fading of nuclei
karyolyis
52
describe the happenings in a necrotic kidney tubules
* cellular fragmentation - karyorrhexis * loss and fading nuclei - karyolysis * Burst membranes * Loss of tissue membranes
53
Reversible Damage: Cellular Swelling is also called as
hydropic change, vacuolar degeneration, cellular edema
54
__ is an acute reversible change resulting as a response to nonlethal injuries
Cellular swelling
55
Reversible Damage: Cellular Swelling It is an intracytoplasmic accumulation of water due to incapacity of the cells to maintain the
ionic and fluid homeostasis
56
Reversible Damage: Cellular Swell It is easy to be observed in parenchymal organs;
o Liver (hepatitis, hypoxia) o Kidney (shock) o Myocardium (hypoxia, phosphate intoxication)
57
Reversible Damage: Cellular Swelling It may be local or diffuse, affecting the whole organ trru or false
true
58
___ refers to the different mechanism by which a cell undergoes in response to or as a compensation to the stress brought about by injurious factors
Cellular adaptation
59
When cells are injured, one of two patterns will generally result:
o Reversible cell injury leading to adaptation of the cells and tissue o Irreversible cell injury leading to cell death and tissue damage
60
Reversible cell injury can result to
cell and tissue adaptation
61
Irreversible cell injury can result to__
cell death and tissue damage
62
When cells adapt to injury, their adaptive changes can be:
o Atrophy o Hypertrophy o Hyperplasia o Metaplasia
63
* The number of cells is the same as before the ____ occurred, but the size of some fibers is reduced
atrophy
64
This is a response to injury by "downsizing" to conserve the cell
Atrophy
65
Staining used for atrophy visualization
trichrome, H&E
66
pale brown-yellow pigment
Lipochrome
67
a same number of cells but increased in size
hypertrophy
68
Increase of the number of cells (depends on to the hormonal response – physiological or pathological)
Hyperplasia
69
a way of adaptation of cells in which it is Involved with the mitosis of the cells
hyperplasia
70
Metaplasia is not a normal physiologic process and may be the first step toward __ if cells are unable to adapt
neoplasia
71
the replacement of normal adult cell type with another type of adult cell type
Metaplasia
72
Always on a chronic condition / prolonged exposure to the toxic agent
Metaplasia
73
etiologic causes of cellular swelling in liver
hepatitis and hypoxia
74
etiologic causes of cellular swelling in kidney
shock
75
etiologic causes of cellular swelling in heart
hypoxia, phosphate intoxication
76

Hpct (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions