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Hpct > FIXATIVES > Flashcards

FIXATIVES Flashcards

1
Q

aldehydes fixatives

A

formaldehyde
glutaraldehydes

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2
Q

metallic fixatives

A

mercuric chloride
chromate fixatives
lead fixatives
heat

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3
Q

simple fixatives

A

aldehydes
metallic fixatives

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4
Q

microanatomical fixatives

A
  1. 10% Formol Saline
  2. 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin
  3. Heidenhein’s susa
  4. Zenker’s solution
  5. Zenker’s formol (Helly’ssolution)
  6. Bouin’s solution
  7. Brasil soln
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5
Q

cytological fixatives

A

nuclear
1. Flemming’s Fluid
2. Carnoy’s Fluid
3. Bouin’s Fluid
4. Newcomer’s Fluid
5. Heidenhain susa

cytoplasmic
1. Flemming’s Fluid with out acetic acid
2. Helly’s Fluid
3. Regaud’s Fluid (Muller’sfluid)
4. Orth’s Fluid

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6
Q

histochemical fixatives

A
  1. Formol Saline10%
  2. Absolute Ethyl Alcohol
  3. Acetone.
  4. Newcomer’s Fluid
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7
Q

usual fixation time of formaldehyde

A

24 hrs

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8
Q

percent of formaldehyde that is usually used is

A

10%

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9
Q

formaldehyde

a gas produced by the oxidation of

A

methyl alcohol

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10
Q

formaldehyde is buffered with pH ___ phosphate buffer

A

7

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11
Q

chear, readility available, easy to prep and relatively stable

A

formaldehyde

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12
Q

compatible with most stains

A

formaldehye

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13
Q

preserves fats, glycogen, mucin

A

formaldehyde

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14
Q

allows tissue enzymes to be studied because it does not precipitate proteins

A

formaldehyde

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15
Q

recommended for nervous tissue preservation

A

formaldehyde

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16
Q

Maycause
sinusitis,allergic
rhinitis,excessive
lacrimationor
allergicdermatitis

A

formaldehye

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17
Q

a soft fixative and does not harden some cytoplasmic structures adequately enough for paraffin

A

formaldehyde

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18
Q

recommended for COLORED TISSUE photography

A

formaldehyde

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19
Q

tolerant fixative used for mailing specimen

A

formaldehyde

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20
Q

recommended for fixation of central nervous system and general post mortem tissues for histochemical examination

A

10% formol saline

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21
Q

fixation time of formol saline in 35C /95C

A

24 hrs

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22
Q

fixation time of formol saline in 20-25*C

A

48 hrs

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23
Q

preserves enzymes and nucleoproteins

A

10% formol saline

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24
Q

demonstrates fats and mucins

A

10% formol saline

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25
Q

slow fixative and metachromic reactions of AMYLOID is reduced

A

10% formol saline

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26
Q

recommended for preservation and storage of surgical, post mortem and research specimen

A

10% neutral buffered formalin or phosphate buffered formalin

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27
Q

fixation time of 10% neutral buffered formalin or phosphate-buffered formalin

A

4-24 hrs

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28
Q

prevents precipitation of acid formalin pigments

A

10% neutral buffered formalin

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29
Q

best fixatives for tissues containing IRON PIGMENTS and elastic fibers

A

10% neutral buffered formalin

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30
Q

longer to prepare, positivity of mucin to PAS is reduced

A

10% neutral buffered formalin

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31
Q

reactivity of myelin to weigert’s iron hematoxylin is reduced

A

10% neutral buffered formalin

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32
Q

recommended for ROUTINE post mortem tissues

A

formol -corrosive or formol sublimate

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33
Q

disadvanatage is it forms mercuric chloride deposits and does not allow frozen tissue to be made

A

formol corrosive-formol sublimate

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34
Q

fixation time of formol corrosive-formol sublimate

A

3-24 hrs

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35
Q

excellent in staining procedure including SILVER RETICULUM METHODS

A

formol sublimate - formol corrosive

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36
Q

FIXATION IS FASTER

for rapid diagnosis, it fixes and dehydrates at the same time

A

alcoholic formalin/gendre’s fixative

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37
Q

good for preservation of glycogen and for MICROINCENERATION technique

A

alcoholic formalin/gendre’s tehnique

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38
Q

used to fix SPUTUM since it coagulates mucus

A

alcoholic fomalin or gendre’s fixative

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39
Q

produces gross hardening of tissues and causes PARTIAL LYSIS OF RBC

A

alcoholic formalin/gendre’s fixative

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40
Q

preservation of iron-containing pigments is poor

A

alcoholic formalin/gendre’s fixative

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41
Q

made up of 2 formaldehyde residues, linked by 3 carbon chains

A

glutaraldehyde

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42
Q

for routine light microscopic work

A

glutaraldehyde

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43
Q

fixation time of glutaraldehyde

A

1/2 to 2 hrs

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44
Q

● More expensive
● Less stable
● Penetrates tissues slowly
● Tends to make
tissue more brittle
● Reduces PAS positivity of
reactive mucin

A

glutaraldehyde

45
Q

most common metallic fixative

A

mercuric chloride used in 5-7%

46
Q

tissues may form black precipitates of mercury

A

mercuric chloride

47
Q

trichrome staining is excellent and permits brilliant metachromatic staining of cells

A

mercuric chloride

48
Q

recommended for renal tissues, fibrin, connective tissues and muscle

A

mercuric chloride

49
Q

Rapidlyhardens the
outer layer of the
tissue with
incomplete fixation of
the center

A

mercuric chloride

50
Q

causes considerable lysis of red blood cells and removes much iron from hemosiderin

A

mercuric chloride

51
Q

INERTS TO FATS AND LIPIDS

A

mercuric chloride

52
Q

mercuric chloride stock solution + glacial acetic acid

A

zenker’s fluid

53
Q

a good general fixative for adequate preservation of all kinds of tissues and gives excellent staining results

A

zenker’s fluid

54
Q

recommended for fixing small pieces of LIVER, SPLEEN, CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBERS, AND NUCLEI

A

zenker’s fluid

55
Q

fixation time of zenker’s fluid

56
Q

recommended for trichome staining

A

zenker’s fluid

57
Q

may act as mordant

A

zenlker’s fluid

58
Q

excellent microanatomical fixative for PITUITARY GLAND, BONE MARROW, AND BLOO DOCNTAINING ORGANS such as SPLEEN AND LIVER

A

zenler-formol or helly’s solution

59
Q

disadvantage is brown pigments are produced if tissues, especially blood containing organs, are allowed to stay in the fixative for more than 24 hrs due to rbc lysis

A

zenker-formol or helly’s solution

60
Q

recommended mainly for TUMOR BIOPSIES especially of the skin

A

heidenhain’s susa solution

61
Q

excellent cytologic fixative

A

heidenhain’s susa solution

62
Q

weigert’s method of staining elastic fibers is not possible in ___ tissues

A

susa-fixed tissues

63
Q

commonly used for BONE MARROW BIOPSIES

A

B-5 fixative

64
Q

precipitate all proteins and adequately preserves CARBOHYDRATES

A

chromic acid

65
Q

a strong oxidizing agent and is not used because it is hazardous

A

chromic acid

66
Q

potassium dichromate is used in what aqueous solution

67
Q

it preserves LIPIDS AND MITOCHONDRIA

A

potassium dichromate

68
Q

recommended for demonstration of CHROMATIN, MITOCHONDRIA, MITOTIC FIGUES, GOLGI BODIES, RBC, AND COLLOID CONTAINING TISSUES

A

regaud’s fluid or muller’s fluid

69
Q

must always be freshly prepared

A

regaud’s or muller’s fluid

70
Q

recommended for study of early DEGENERATIVE PROCESSES AND TISSUE NECROSIS

A

orth’s fluid

71
Q

demonstrate ricketssia and other bacteria

A

orth’s fluid

72
Q

preserves MYELIN better than buffered formalin

A

orth’s f;uid

73
Q

for ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES

A

lead fixatives

74
Q

fixes connective tissue mucin

tales up CARBON DIOXIDE to form INSOLUBLE CARBONATE especially on prolonged standing

A

lead fixatives

75
Q

normally used in strong saturated aqueous solution

A

picric acid

76
Q

HIGHLY EXPLOSIVE when dry

A

picric acid

77
Q

recommended for fixation of EMBRYOS and PITUITARY biopsies

A

bouin’s solution

78
Q

does not need washing out

A

bouin’s solution

79
Q

this must never be washed in water before dehydration

A

picric acid

80
Q

reduces/abolished FEULGEN reaction due to hydrolysis of nucleoproteins

A

bouin’s solution

81
Q

better and less messy than bouin’s q

A

brasil’s alcoholic picroformol fixative

82
Q

glacial acetic acid solidified at

83
Q

contraindicated for cytoplasmic fixation since it destroys mitochondria and golgi bodies of cells

A

glacial acetic acid

84
Q

these rapidly denatures and precipitates proteins by destroying hydrogen and other bond

A

alcohol fixatives

85
Q

excellent for fixing and preserving glycogen, pigments, blood, tissue films, and smears

A

absolute alcohol

86
Q

the color of the specimen can be preserved for photographic works using 80% alcohol

A

absolute alcohol

87
Q

LOWER concentrations will cause rbc hemolysis and inadequately preserve leukocytes

A

absolute alcohol

88
Q

excellent for fixing DRY AND WET SMEARS, blood and bone marrow smears

A

methyl alcohol

89
Q

fixes and dehydrate at the same time aside from alcoholic formalin

A

methyl alcohol

90
Q

used for fixing touch preparations

A

95% isopropyl alcohol

91
Q

preserves but does not fix glycogen

A

ethyl alcohol

92
Q

preserves nucleoproteins and nucleic acid, hence used for histochemistry and enzyme studies

A

ethyl alcohol

93
Q

Recommended for fixing chromosomes, lymph glands and urgent biopsie

A

carnoy’s fluid

94
Q

considered as the MOST rapid fixative

A

carnoy’s fluid

95
Q

fixes and dehydrate aside from alcholic formalin, methyl alcohol

A

carnoy’s fluid

96
Q

used to fix brain tissues for the diagnosis of rabies

A

carnoy’s fluid

97
Q

fixes materials for ultrathin sectioning in elcron microscope

A

osmium tetroxide

98
Q

uses tap water for washing out

A

hellys
zenkers
flemming
formalin
osmic acid

99
Q

uses 50-70% of alcohol for washing out

A

picric acid

100
Q

uses alcoholic iodine for washing out

A

mercuric fixative

101
Q

fixative for proteins

A

nbc, paraformalehyde

102
Q

fixative for enxymes

A

frozen sections

103
Q

fixative for lipids F

A

frozen section, glut, osmium tetroxide

104
Q

nucleic acid fixative

A

alcholic fixatives

105
Q

mucopolysaccahrides

A

frozens sections

106
Q

biogenic amines

A

bouins, NBF

107
Q

glycogen

A

alcohoilic fixatives

Hpct (18 decks)

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