FIXATIVES Flashcards
1
Q
aldehydes fixatives
A
formaldehyde
glutaraldehydes
2
Q
metallic fixatives
A
mercuric chloride
chromate fixatives
lead fixatives
heat
3
Q
simple fixatives
A
aldehydes
metallic fixatives
4
Q
microanatomical fixatives
A
- 10% Formol Saline
- 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin
- Heidenhein’s susa
- Zenker’s solution
- Zenker’s formol (Helly’ssolution)
- Bouin’s solution
- Brasil soln
5
Q
cytological fixatives
A
nuclear
1. Flemming’s Fluid
2. Carnoy’s Fluid
3. Bouin’s Fluid
4. Newcomer’s Fluid
5. Heidenhain susa
cytoplasmic
1. Flemming’s Fluid with out acetic acid
2. Helly’s Fluid
3. Regaud’s Fluid (Muller’sfluid)
4. Orth’s Fluid
6
Q
histochemical fixatives
A
- Formol Saline10%
- Absolute Ethyl Alcohol
- Acetone.
- Newcomer’s Fluid
7
Q
usual fixation time of formaldehyde
A
24 hrs
8
Q
percent of formaldehyde that is usually used is
A
10%
9
Q
formaldehyde
a gas produced by the oxidation of
A
methyl alcohol
10
Q
formaldehyde is buffered with pH ___ phosphate buffer
A
7
11
Q
chear, readility available, easy to prep and relatively stable
A
formaldehyde
12
Q
compatible with most stains
A
formaldehye
13
Q
preserves fats, glycogen, mucin
A
formaldehyde
14
Q
allows tissue enzymes to be studied because it does not precipitate proteins
A
formaldehyde
15
Q
recommended for nervous tissue preservation
A
formaldehyde
16
Q
Maycause
sinusitis,allergic
rhinitis,excessive
lacrimationor
allergicdermatitis
A
formaldehye
17
Q
a soft fixative and does not harden some cytoplasmic structures adequately enough for paraffin
A
formaldehyde
18
Q
recommended for COLORED TISSUE photography
A
formaldehyde
19
Q
tolerant fixative used for mailing specimen
A
formaldehyde
20
Q
recommended for fixation of central nervous system and general post mortem tissues for histochemical examination
A
10% formol saline
21
Q
fixation time of formol saline in 35C /95C
A
24 hrs
22
Q
fixation time of formol saline in 20-25*C
A
48 hrs
23
Q
preserves enzymes and nucleoproteins
A
10% formol saline
24
Q
demonstrates fats and mucins
A
10% formol saline
25
slow fixative and metachromic reactions of AMYLOID is reduced
10% formol saline
26
recommended for preservation and storage of surgical, post mortem and research specimen
10% neutral buffered formalin or phosphate buffered formalin
27
fixation time of 10% neutral buffered formalin or phosphate-buffered formalin
4-24 hrs
28
prevents precipitation of acid formalin pigments
10% neutral buffered formalin
29
best fixatives for tissues containing IRON PIGMENTS and elastic fibers
10% neutral buffered formalin
30
longer to prepare, positivity of mucin to PAS is reduced
10% neutral buffered formalin
31
reactivity of myelin to weigert's iron hematoxylin is reduced
10% neutral buffered formalin
32
recommended for ROUTINE post mortem tissues
formol -corrosive or formol sublimate
33
disadvanatage is it forms mercuric chloride deposits and does not allow frozen tissue to be made
formol corrosive-formol sublimate
34
fixation time of formol corrosive-formol sublimate
3-24 hrs
35
excellent in staining procedure including SILVER RETICULUM METHODS
formol sublimate - formol corrosive
36
FIXATION IS FASTER
for rapid diagnosis, it fixes and dehydrates at the same time
alcoholic formalin/gendre's fixative
37
good for preservation of glycogen and for MICROINCENERATION technique
alcoholic formalin/gendre's tehnique
38
used to fix SPUTUM since it coagulates mucus
alcoholic fomalin or gendre's fixative
39
produces gross hardening of tissues and causes PARTIAL LYSIS OF RBC
alcoholic formalin/gendre's fixative
40
preservation of iron-containing pigments is poor
alcoholic formalin/gendre's fixative
41
made up of 2 formaldehyde residues, linked by 3 carbon chains
glutaraldehyde
42
for routine light microscopic work
glutaraldehyde
43
fixation time of glutaraldehyde
1/2 to 2 hrs
44
● More expensive
● Less stable
● Penetrates tissues slowly
● Tends to make
tissue more brittle
● Reduces PAS positivity of
reactive mucin
glutaraldehyde
45
most common metallic fixative
mercuric chloride used in 5-7%
46
tissues may form black precipitates of mercury
mercuric chloride
47
trichrome staining is excellent and permits brilliant metachromatic staining of cells
mercuric chloride
48
recommended for renal tissues, fibrin, connective tissues and muscle
mercuric chloride
49
Rapidlyhardens the
outer layer of the
tissue with
incomplete fixation of
the center
mercuric chloride
50
causes considerable lysis of red blood cells and removes much iron from hemosiderin
mercuric chloride
51
INERTS TO FATS AND LIPIDS
mercuric chloride
52
mercuric chloride stock solution + glacial acetic acid
zenker's fluid
53
a good general fixative for adequate preservation of all kinds of tissues and gives excellent staining results
zenker's fluid
54
recommended for fixing small pieces of LIVER, SPLEEN, CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBERS, AND NUCLEI
zenker's fluid
55
fixation time of zenker's fluid
12-24 hrs
56
recommended for trichome staining
zenker's fluid
57
may act as mordant
zenlker's fluid
58
excellent microanatomical fixative for PITUITARY GLAND, BONE MARROW, AND BLOO DOCNTAINING ORGANS such as SPLEEN AND LIVER
zenler-formol or helly's solution
59
disadvantage is brown pigments are produced if tissues, especially blood containing organs, are allowed to stay in the fixative for more than 24 hrs due to rbc lysis
zenker-formol or helly's solution
60
recommended mainly for TUMOR BIOPSIES especially of the skin
heidenhain's susa solution
61
excellent cytologic fixative
heidenhain's susa solution
62
weigert's method of staining elastic fibers is not possible in ___ tissues
susa-fixed tissues
63
commonly used for BONE MARROW BIOPSIES
B-5 fixative
64
precipitate all proteins and adequately preserves CARBOHYDRATES
chromic acid
65
a strong oxidizing agent and is not used because it is hazardous
chromic acid
66
potassium dichromate is used in what aqueous solution
3%
67
it preserves LIPIDS AND MITOCHONDRIA
potassium dichromate
68
recommended for demonstration of CHROMATIN, MITOCHONDRIA, MITOTIC FIGUES, GOLGI BODIES, RBC, AND COLLOID CONTAINING TISSUES
regaud's fluid or muller's fluid
69
must always be freshly prepared
regaud's or muller's fluid
70
recommended for study of early DEGENERATIVE PROCESSES AND TISSUE NECROSIS
orth's fluid
71
demonstrate ricketssia and other bacteria
orth's fluid
72
preserves MYELIN better than buffered formalin
orth's f;uid
73
for ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES
lead fixatives
74
fixes connective tissue mucin
tales up CARBON DIOXIDE to form INSOLUBLE CARBONATE especially on prolonged standing
lead fixatives
75
normally used in strong saturated aqueous solution
picric acid
76
HIGHLY EXPLOSIVE when dry
picric acid
77
recommended for fixation of EMBRYOS and PITUITARY biopsies
bouin's solution
78
does not need washing out
bouin's solution
79
this must never be washed in water before dehydration
picric acid
80
reduces/abolished FEULGEN reaction due to hydrolysis of nucleoproteins
bouin's solution
81
better and less messy than bouin's q
brasil's alcoholic picroformol fixative
82
glacial acetic acid solidified at
17*C
83
contraindicated for cytoplasmic fixation since it destroys mitochondria and golgi bodies of cells
glacial acetic acid
84
these rapidly denatures and precipitates proteins by destroying hydrogen and other bond
alcohol fixatives
85
excellent for fixing and preserving glycogen, pigments, blood, tissue films, and smears
absolute alcohol
86
the color of the specimen can be preserved for photographic works using 80% alcohol
absolute alcohol
87
LOWER concentrations will cause rbc hemolysis and inadequately preserve leukocytes
absolute alcohol
88
excellent for fixing DRY AND WET SMEARS, blood and bone marrow smears
methyl alcohol
89
fixes and dehydrate at the same time aside from alcoholic formalin
methyl alcohol
90
used for fixing touch preparations
95% isopropyl alcohol
91
preserves but does not fix glycogen
ethyl alcohol
92
preserves nucleoproteins and nucleic acid, hence used for histochemistry and enzyme studies
ethyl alcohol
93
Recommended for fixing chromosomes, lymph glands and urgent biopsie
carnoy's fluid
94
considered as the MOST rapid fixative
carnoy's fluid
95
fixes and dehydrate aside from alcholic formalin, methyl alcohol
carnoy's fluid
96
used to fix brain tissues for the diagnosis of rabies
carnoy's fluid
97
fixes materials for ultrathin sectioning in elcron microscope
osmium tetroxide
98
uses tap water for washing out
hellys
zenkers
flemming
formalin
osmic acid
99
uses 50-70% of alcohol for washing out
picric acid
100
uses alcoholic iodine for washing out
mercuric fixative
101
fixative for proteins
nbc, paraformalehyde
102
fixative for enxymes
frozen sections
103
fixative for lipids F
frozen section, glut, osmium tetroxide
104
nucleic acid fixative
alcholic fixatives
105
mucopolysaccahrides
frozens sections
106
biogenic amines
bouins, NBF
107
glycogen
alcohoilic fixatives
108
