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COB Genetics > Lec 3. Meiosis & Heredity > Flashcards

Lec 3. Meiosis & Heredity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis?

A

For growth and to replace worn out cells.

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2
Q

What is the outcome of mitosis?

A

2 cells

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3
Q

What is the purpose of meiosis?

A

To shuffle genetic information and cut the cellular chromosome number in half, from 46 chromosomes to 23 chromosomes

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4
Q

What is the outcome of meiosis?

A

4 cells

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5
Q

What happens during Prophase II?

A

Chromosomes recondense

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6
Q

What happens during Metaphase II?

A

Chromosomes line up

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7
Q

What happens during Anaphase II?

A

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

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8
Q

What happens during Telophase II?

A

Chromosomes arrive at spindle poles.

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9
Q

When does crossing over occur?

A

Prophase I

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10
Q

What happens during Cytokinesis?

A

Cytoplasm divides

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11
Q

What happens during Interkinesis?

A

Nuclear envelope re-forms, no DNA synthesis takes place

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12
Q

How is Genetic variation produced?

A

Through random distribution of chromosomes in meiosis.

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13
Q

Define crossing over

A

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, resulting in shuffling of genes.

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14
Q

True or False? Crossing over can result in unequal exchange of genetic material.

A

True. This can produce chromosomes with deleted or duplicated regions.

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15
Q

What is essential for the normal segregation of chromosomes during Meiosis?

A

Crossing over

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16
Q

True or False? Crossing over and mapping, distance is important.

A

True

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17
Q

True or False? Crossover is dependent across the centromere.

A

False. Crossover is INDEPENDENT across the centromere.

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18
Q

Is there cell division during Mitosis?

A

Yes.

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19
Q

Is there cell division during Meiosis I?

A

Yes.

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20
Q

Is there cell division during Meiosis II?

A

Yes.

21
Q

Is there reduction of chromosome number during Mitosis?

A

No.

22
Q

Is there reduction of chromosome number during Meiosis I?

A

Yes.

23
Q

Is there reduction of chromosome number during Meiosis II?

A

No.

24
Q

Is Genetic variation produced during Mitosis?

A

No.

25
Q

Is Genetic variation produced during Meiosis I?

A

Yes.

26
Q

Is Genetic variation produced during Meiosis II?

A

No.

27
Q

Does crossing over occur during Mitosis?

A

No.

28
Q

Does crossing over occur during Meiosis I?

A

Yes.

29
Q

Does crossing over occur during Meiosis II?

A

No.

30
Q

Does random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes occur during Mitosis?

A

No.

31
Q

Does random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes occur during Meiosis I?

A

Yes.

32
Q

Does random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes occur during Meiosis II?

A

No.

33
Q

What happens in Mitosis during Metaphase?

A

Individual chromosomes line up

34
Q

What happens in Meiosis I during Metaphase?

A

Homologous pairs line up

35
Q

What happens in Meiosis II during Metaphase?

A

Individual chromosomes line up

36
Q

What happens in Mitosis during Anaphase?

A

Chromatids separate

37
Q

What happens in Meiosis I during Anaphase?

A

Homologous chromosomes separate

38
Q

What happens in Meiosis II during Anaphase?

A

Chromatids separate

39
Q

What is cohesion?

A

A protein complex that holds chromatids together

40
Q

What is Spermatogenesis?

A

Male gamete production

41
Q

What is Oogenesis?

A

female gamete production

42
Q

Why is there only one female gamete?

A

All the organelles are in there

43
Q

Why are mules sterile?

A

Chromosomes fail to separate correctly

44
Q

What are two diseases that result from failed chromosome segregation?

A

Trisomy 21. Klinefelter

45
Q

Define Heredity

A

Passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another

46
Q

Define Heritability

A

Proportion of total variation between individuals in a give population that is due to genetic variation

47
Q

What causes red hair?

A

Receptor deficiency on the MC1R gene resulting in pheomelanin, which is the predominate pigment in red hair.

48
Q

What causes blond hair in 5%-10% of dark-skinned Solomon Islanders?

A

A point mutation in the TYRP1 gene.

49
Q

What is not known but thought to be the function of TYRP1?

A

To stabilize Tyrosinase.

COB Genetics (32 decks)

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