Lec 1. Intro to Genetics Flashcards
What is the definition of genetics?
the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in living organisms.
What is the definition of molecular genetics?
studies structure and function of genes at a molecular level
What is the definition of recessive?
not the common form
How does Albinism result from?
Defective gene involved in melanin production
What is the consensus on human germline editing?
Ban on editing the human germline
What is Luxturna used as a treatment for? How does it do it?
Retinal dystrophy. Genetically modified virus that ferries a healthy gene into the eyes of patients.
What do genes do?
Regulate development and control cellular differentiation
What is a genome?
a complete set of genetic instructions for any organism
True or False? A genome has only DNA and not RNA
False. Has both
what is transmission genetics?
how traits are passed from one generation to another
What is population genetics?
Study of genetic composition of groups (populations) and how gene frequency changes geographically or with time.
What are model genetic organisms?
Organisms with characteristics that make them useful for genetic analysis
Name an example of a model organism
Drosphila (fruit fly).
What are some common characteristics of model organisms?
Numerous offspring, short generation time, and prior knowledge about their genetic systems
What is the only reason animal models are valuable?
Because of the basic similarity among all living things
What are HOX genes?
Deal with identifications of various parts of our bodies
which organism was the first to have its genome sequenced?
C. elegans
What has the Zebrafish been used for?
help identify genes encoding pigmentation differences among humans
Define the Pangenesis concept. Is it correct?
Genetic info travels from different parts of the body to reproductive organs. Incorrect
Define the inheritance of acquired characteristics concept. Is it correct?
Acquired traits become incorporated into hereditary info. Incorrect
Define the Preformationism concept. Is it correct?
Miniature organism resides in sex cells, and all traits are inherited from one parent. Incorrect
Define the blending inheritance concept. Is it correct?
Genes blend and mix. Incorrect
Define the Germ-plasm theory. Is it correct?
All cells contain a complete set of genetic info. Correct
Define the cell theory. Is it correct?
All life is composed of cells and cells arise only from cells. Correct
Define the Mendelian inheritance concept. Is it correct?
Traits are inherited in accord with defined principles. Correct
What is Lamarckianism?
Organism changes during life in order to adapt to its environment, those changes are passed on to its offspring.
What was the human genome project?
international collaboration to complete mapping of all the genes of human beings.
Where is genetic info carried?
DNA and RNA
Where are genes located?
Chromosomes
Define gene
sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring
Define allele
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Define chromosome
threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic info in the form of genes
