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COB Genetics > Lec 2. Mitosis & Meiosis > Flashcards

Lec 2. Mitosis & Meiosis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the ultimate source of genetic variation?

A

Mutation

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2
Q

Meiosis provides a mechanism to

A

recombine variants and increase variability

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3
Q

what is the fundamental unit of heredity?

A

Genes

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4
Q

Genes come in multiple forms called

A

alleles

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5
Q

True or false? Genetic info is only carried in DNA

A

False, it is carried in DNA & RNA

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6
Q

where are genes located?

A

chromosomes

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7
Q

When do chromosomes separate?

A

mitosis and meiosis

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8
Q

What is evolution?

A

Change in genetic frequency in a population over time

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9
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

No

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10
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What is the cell diameter for prokaryotic cells?

A

small

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12
Q

What is the cell diameter for eukaryotic cells?

A

Large

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13
Q

What is the genome for prokaryotic cells?

A

one circular DNA molecule

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14
Q

What is the genome for eukaryotic cells?

A

multiple linear DNA molecules

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15
Q

What is the DNA in prokaryotic cells?

A

no histones in bacteria, some in archaea

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16
Q

What is the DNA in eukaryotic cells

A

complexed with histones

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17
Q

What is the amount of DNA in prokaryotic cells?

A

small

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18
Q

What is the amount of DNA in eukaryotic cells?

A

large

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19
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have membrane-bounded organelles?

A

No

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20
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have membrane-bounded organelles?

A

Yes

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21
Q

What are prokaryotes made up of?

A

eubacteria and archaea

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22
Q

True or False? Viruses are prokaryotic

A

False. Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic

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23
Q

what is one characteristic of Viruses?

A

Outer protein coat surrounds nucleic acid

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24
Q

True or False? Homologous chromosomes are similar but not identical

A

True.

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25
Q

How are homologous chromosomes similar but not identical?

A

Each homolog carries the same genes in same order, but the alleles for each trait may not be the same

26
Q

What do diploid cells carry?

A

two sets of genetic info. Two sets of chromosomes

27
Q

What do haploid cells carry?

A

one set of genetic info

28
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

A

23 pairs

29
Q

Define centromere

A

attachment point for spindle microtubules

30
Q

Define telomeres

A

tips of linear chromosome

31
Q

What is the origins of replication?

A

where the DNA synthesis begins

32
Q

Define submetacentric

A

Centromere situated so that one chromosome arm is somewhat shorter

33
Q

Define metacentric

A

Centromere in the middle

34
Q

Define telocentric

A

Centromere at the end with no short arm

35
Q

Define acrocentric

A

Centromere near the end producing a short arm

36
Q

Define interphase

A

An extended period between cell divisions, DNA synthesis, and chromosome replication phase

37
Q

What is M phase?

A

mitotic phase

38
Q

what are phase check points?

A

key transition points

39
Q

Interphase consists of?

A

G1,S,G2

40
Q

What happens during G1?

A

Growth. Proteins for cell division synthesized

41
Q

What is G1/S checkpoint?

A

Regulated decision point

42
Q

What happens during S in the cell cycle?

A

DNA synthesis

43
Q

What happens during G2?

A

preparation for cell division

44
Q

What does the G2/M checkpoint do?

A

Makes sure DNA is completely replicated and undamaged or wont pass

45
Q

Define mitosis

A

Separation of sister chromatids

46
Q

Define cytokinesis

A

Separation of cytoplasm

47
Q

Mitosis consists of?

A

Prophase,prometaphase,metaphase, anaphase, telophase

48
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

Mitosis starts. Chromosome condense. Spindle fibers appear.

49
Q

What happens in prometaphase?

A

Nuclear membrane dissembles. Spindle fibers attach to chromosome

50
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

Chromosomes align

51
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

Centromeres divide. Chromosomes pulled apart.

52
Q

What happens in telophase?

A

Nuclear membrane reforms. Chromosomes decondense. Spindle fibers disappear.

53
Q

The number of chromsomes per cell equals

A

the number of functional centromeres

54
Q

What are three genetic consequences of the cell cycle?

A

Producing two cells that are genetically identical to each other, newly formed cells contain full complement of chromosomes, each newly formed cell contain approximately half the cytoplasm and organelle content of the original parental cell

55
Q

What is Meiosis?

A

production of haploid gametes

56
Q

What is fertilization?

A

fusion of haploid gametes

57
Q

What is the consequence of meiosis?

A

Genetic variation

58
Q

What happens during Meiosis I?

A

separation of homologous chromosome pairs, and reduction of chromosome number by half

59
Q

What happens during Meiosis II?

A

Separation of sister chromatids, equational division

60
Q

What is a chromatid?

A

one of the two daughter strands of a duplicated chromosome that are joined by a single centromere and separate during cell division to become individual chromosomes.

COB Genetics (32 decks)

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