Lec 2. Mitosis & Meiosis

Question 1

What is the ultimate source of genetic variation?

Answer 1

Mutation

Question 2

Meiosis provides a mechanism to

Answer 2

recombine variants and increase variability

Question 3

what is the fundamental unit of heredity?

Answer 3

Genes

Question 4

Genes come in multiple forms called

Answer 4

alleles

Question 5

True or false? Genetic info is only carried in DNA

Answer 5

False, it is carried in DNA & RNA

Question 6

where are genes located?

Answer 6

chromosomes

Question 7

When do chromosomes separate?

Answer 7

mitosis and meiosis

Question 8

What is evolution?

Answer 8

Change in genetic frequency in a population over time

Question 9

Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

What is the cell diameter for prokaryotic cells?

Answer 11

small

Question 12

What is the cell diameter for eukaryotic cells?

Answer 12

Large

Question 13

What is the genome for prokaryotic cells?

Answer 13

one circular DNA molecule

Question 14

What is the genome for eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

multiple linear DNA molecules

Question 15

What is the DNA in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 15

no histones in bacteria, some in archaea

Question 16

What is the DNA in eukaryotic cells

Answer 16

complexed with histones

Question 17

What is the amount of DNA in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 17

small

Question 18

What is the amount of DNA in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 18

large

Question 19

Do prokaryotic cells have membrane-bounded organelles?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

Do eukaryotic cells have membrane-bounded organelles?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What are prokaryotes made up of?

Answer 21

eubacteria and archaea

Question 22

True or False? Viruses are prokaryotic

Answer 22

False. Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic

Question 23

what is one characteristic of Viruses?

Answer 23

Outer protein coat surrounds nucleic acid

Question 24

True or False? Homologous chromosomes are similar but not identical

Answer 24

True.

Question 25

How are homologous chromosomes similar but not identical?

Answer 25

Each homolog carries the same genes in same order, but the alleles for each trait may not be the same

Question 26

What do diploid cells carry?

Answer 26

two sets of genetic info. Two sets of chromosomes

Question 27

What do haploid cells carry?

Answer 27

one set of genetic info

Question 28

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 28

23 pairs

Question 29

Define centromere

Answer 29

attachment point for spindle microtubules

Question 30

Define telomeres

Answer 30

tips of linear chromosome

Question 31

What is the origins of replication?

Answer 31

where the DNA synthesis begins

Question 32

Define submetacentric

Answer 32

Centromere situated so that one chromosome arm is somewhat shorter

Question 33

Define metacentric

Answer 33

Centromere in the middle

Question 34

Define telocentric

Answer 34

Centromere at the end with no short arm

Question 35

Define acrocentric

Answer 35

Centromere near the end producing a short arm

Question 36

Define interphase

Answer 36

An extended period between cell divisions, DNA synthesis, and chromosome replication phase

Question 37

What is M phase?

Answer 37

mitotic phase

Question 38

what are phase check points?

Answer 38

key transition points

Question 39

Interphase consists of?

Answer 39

G1,S,G2

Question 40

What happens during G1?

Answer 40

Growth. Proteins for cell division synthesized

Question 41

What is G1/S checkpoint?

Answer 41

Regulated decision point

Question 42

What happens during S in the cell cycle?

Answer 42

DNA synthesis

Question 43

What happens during G2?

Answer 43

preparation for cell division

Question 44

What does the G2/M checkpoint do?

Answer 44

Makes sure DNA is completely replicated and undamaged or wont pass

Question 45

Define mitosis

Answer 45

Separation of sister chromatids

Question 46

Define cytokinesis

Answer 46

Separation of cytoplasm

Question 47

Mitosis consists of?

Answer 47

Prophase,prometaphase,metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 48

What happens in prophase?

Answer 48

Mitosis starts. Chromosome condense. Spindle fibers appear.

Question 49

What happens in prometaphase?

Answer 49

Nuclear membrane dissembles. Spindle fibers attach to chromosome

Question 50

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 50

Chromosomes align

Question 51

What happens in anaphase?

Answer 51

Centromeres divide. Chromosomes pulled apart.

Question 52

What happens in telophase?

Answer 52

Nuclear membrane reforms. Chromosomes decondense. Spindle fibers disappear.

Question 53

The number of chromsomes per cell equals

Answer 53

the number of functional centromeres

Question 54

What are three genetic consequences of the cell cycle?

Answer 54

Producing two cells that are genetically identical to each other, newly formed cells contain full complement of chromosomes, each newly formed cell contain approximately half the cytoplasm and organelle content of the original parental cell

Question 55

What is Meiosis?

Answer 55

production of haploid gametes

Question 56

What is fertilization?

Answer 56

fusion of haploid gametes

Question 57

What is the consequence of meiosis?

Answer 57

Genetic variation

Question 58

What happens during Meiosis I?

Answer 58

separation of homologous chromosome pairs, and reduction of chromosome number by half

Question 59

What happens during Meiosis II?

Answer 59

Separation of sister chromatids, equational division

Question 60

What is a chromatid?

Answer 60

one of the two daughter strands of a duplicated chromosome that are joined by a single centromere and separate during cell division to become individual chromosomes.