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COB Genetics > 2.7 Transposable elements > Flashcards

2.7 Transposable elements Flashcards

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1
Q

What are transposable elements?

A

Sequences that can move about the genome

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2
Q

What is transposition?

A

Movement of the transposons

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3
Q

What are some features of transposable elements?

A

flanking direct repeats, terminal inverted repeats

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4
Q

What do Transposable elements usually cause?

A

mutations

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5
Q

What does not travel with the transposable element?

A

Short flanking repeats

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6
Q

Where are the short flanking repeats regenerated?

A

at the point of insertion

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7
Q

Staggered cuts are made in where, that leave what on the transposable element?

A

Are made in the target DNA, leaving short, ss pieces of DNA on either side of the transposable element

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8
Q

What are three things about the inverted repeats?

A

They are inverted/complimetary on same strand. Recognized by enzymes that catalyze transposition. Required for transposition to take place.

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9
Q

True or False? Transposons have their own info to replicate and cut themselves out.

A

True

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10
Q

What two ways do transposons cause mutations?

A

Inserting into another gene, promoting DNA rearrangements.

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11
Q

What is an example of mutation caused by transposons?

A

Grape color

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12
Q

What are 3 common features in mechanisms of transposition?

A

Staggered breaks made in target DNA, transposable element is joined to ss ends of the target DNA, DNA is replicated at the ss gaps.

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13
Q

What is replicative transposition referred to as?

A

Copy and paste

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14
Q

What is replicative transposition?

A

New copy of transposable element is introduced at a new site while the old copy remains in the original site.

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15
Q

What results from replicative transposition?

A

Increase in the # of copies of the transposable element.

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16
Q

Where can replicative transposition occur?

A

Between two dif DNA molecules or between two parts of the same DNA molecule

17
Q

What events are necessary for co-integrate formation of replicative transposition?

A

Singly copy of the TE is on one DNA molecule, two DNA molecules are joined, TE is replicated, resulting in the production of a cointegrate structure.

18
Q

What is the cointegrate structure?

A

Two DNA molecules plus 2 copies of the TE

19
Q

What is the resolution of the cointegrate?

A

Crossing over at regions within the copies of the TE produces 3 molecules, each with a single copy of the TE.

20
Q

What enzymes are needed for replicative transposition?

A

Transposase and Resolvase

21
Q

What is Transposase?

A

Allows movement

22
Q

What is Resolvase?

A

Allows integration to occur

23
Q

What is non-replicative transposition referred to as?

A

Cut and paste

24
Q

What is non-replicative transposition?

A

TE is excised from old site and inserted into a new site. DOESNT increase number of copies

25
Q

What are euk transposons?

A

SINEs and LINes

26
Q

What are retrotransposons?

A

Transpose through an RNA intermediate. Only done through replicative transposition. More commonan than DNA transposons in euk

27
Q

What are the theories of TE and genomic elvolution?

A

Parasites, providing no benefit but harm. OR. Exist to increase genetic diversity, parasitic tendencies replaced to be useful to cell.

28
Q

What is a consequence of transposed sequences?

A

Chromosomal rearrangements

29
Q

Who is barbara McClintock?

A

Discovered TE and used it to demonstrate genes are responsible for turning physical characteristics on and off. Kernels in corn color are from jumping genes

30
Q

What can also be influenced by transposons?

A

Tomato shape

31
Q

How can transposons change tomato shape?

A

Caused a translocation

32
Q

What was the 1st report of transposons moving in humans?

A

L1 element which resulted of retrotransposition into the Factor VIII gene, causing de novo hemophilia.

33
Q

What have transposons helped in pertaining to evolution of mammals?

A

Evolution of pregnancy in mammals.

34
Q

What type of disease can retrotransposons cause in humans?

A

single-gene disease

35
Q

How is p53 linked with transposons?

A

P53 has lots of roles. Like educing apoptosis. It’s a tumor suppressor, its inactivated in half of the cancers. It suppresses transposon activity.

COB Genetics (32 decks)

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