2.3 Genetic code and translation Flashcards
What organ plays an important role in defense against infection?
Spleen
What is Haploinsufficiency?
Not getting enough good copy of the gene
What is the One gene, one enzyme hypothesis?
genes function by encoding enzymes, and each gene encodes a separate enzyme
What is the evidence for one gene, one enzyme hypothesis?
Began with Beadle and Tatum in isolating axotrophic mutants in Neurospora. They began working on this fungus(neurospora) and making mutants that wouldnt grow on the media. However, if you gave it amino acids it could grow and thus worked with this about how genes encode for amino acids
what protein makes light in fireflies?
luciferase
What protein is a major structural component of spider webs?
Fibroin
What protein is highly toxic in castor beans?
Ricin
What is a peptide bond?
carboxyl group of one AA is covalently attached to the amino group of another AA.
Sequence of the 21 amino acids, how they are joined together determines what?*
How they interact with each other.
What does the genetic code determine?
How the nucleotide sequence specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein
How was the specificity of codons determined?
Using a homoploymer. They realized that if we could synthesize RNA (all Gs or Cs), then at least we could figure out what these blocks coded for. Got a tube where template is all used with all AA is there, translations happens and they see what got hooked with what. They look at the strand that results from this, this worked out what the 4 homo polymers were. They then synthesized RNA more specifically, in the next 5-6 years they worked out the entire set. They did it via radioactively. Finally they did the entire codon table
What is a codon?
a triplet RNA code
What are the 64 possible codons?
3 stop, 61 sense codons
What are the stop codons?
UAA, UAG and UGA
What is the significance of stop codons?
If an AA gets coded into a stop codon, huge devistation occurs.