3.1 Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Question 1

Define population

Answer 1

The study of the distribution and change in frequency of alleles within populations

Question 2

Define evolution

Answer 2

A change in gene frequency over time in a population

Question 3

Define natural selection

Answer 3

is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype

Question 4

Define artificial selection

Answer 4

selection by promoting the reproduction of organisms with traits perceived as desirable

Question 5

Define homozygous by descent vs by state

Answer 5

Descent: alleles descended from the same copy in a common ancestor. State: Alleles that are the same in the structure and function but are descended from 2 dif copies of ancestors.

Question 6

What is heterozygote advantage

Answer 6

Heterozygotes are favored over homozygotes and have a reproductive advantage which maintains both alleles in the population

Question 7

What are the 5 assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg law

Answer 7

Large population, random mating, no mutation, no migration, no natural selection

Question 8

How can an isolated population be useful for identifying rare genetic variation?

Answer 8

These populations have reduced genetic diversity, thus rare variants may drift to higher frequencies

Question 9

What are the implications of inbreeding

Answer 9

Increases percentage of homozygous individuals in a population. Increases appearance of lethal and deleterious traits with inbreeding.