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BIO108 - Gen. Physiology > Lec. 1 - Principles of Physiology > Flashcards

Lec. 1 - Principles of Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

A

Physiologist

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2
Q

Subdisciples of Physiology

A
  • Comparative physiology
  • Environmental Physiology
  • Evolutionary Physiology
  • Developmental Physiology
  • Cell Physiology
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3
Q

species are compared in order to discern physiological and environmental patterns

A

Comparative Physiology

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4
Q

examines organisms in the context of the environments they
inhabit (evolutionary adaptations)

A

Environmental Physiology

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5
Q

techniques of evolutionary biology and systematics are used to understand the evolution of organisms

A

Evolutionary Physiology

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6
Q

how physiological processes unfold during the course of organism development (from embryo through larva or fetus to adulthood)

A

Developmental Physiology

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7
Q

vital information on the physiology of the cells themselves
- can be used to understand the physiological responses of tissues, organs, and
organ systems

A

Cell Physiology

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8
Q

what does cell Physiology understands?

A
  • physiological response of; organs, tissue and organ systems
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9
Q

Central themes of physiology

A
  1. Structure/Function Relationship
  2. Adaptation, Acclimatization, Acclimation
  3. Homeostasis
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10
Q

Function is based on structure

A

structure/function relationships

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11
Q

How does structure-function relationship is clear in shape of bird wing?

A

Aerodymanic efficiency

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12
Q

four-chambered stomach with large rumen

A

Ruminant herbivore

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13
Q

Short intestine and colon, small cecum

A

Carnivore

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14
Q

Physiology of an organism is very well matched to the environment it occupies, thereby ensuring its survival

A

Adaptation, Acclimatization, and Acclimation

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15
Q

evolution through natural selection leading to an organism whose
physiology, anatomy, and behavior are
matched to the demands of its environment

  • Generally irreversible
A

Adaptation

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16
Q

genetically based, passed on from generation to generation (DNA) and constantly shaped and maintained by natural selection

A

Physiological and anatomic adaptations

17
Q

physiological, biochemical, or anatomic
change within an individual animal during its
life that results from an animal’s chronic
exposure in its native habitat to new,
naturally occurring environmental condition
•animal in migrate to high altitude

A

Acclimatization

18
Q

changes are induced experimentally in the laboratory or
in the wild by an investigator
•animal placed in hypobaric chamber

A

Acclimation

19
Q

Regulation of homeostasis is accomplished
through the _____ and ____ systems

A
  • nervous
  • endocrine
20
Q

antagonistic
hormones that help maintain glucose
homeostasis

A

Insulin and Glucagon

21
Q

has clusters of endocrine cells

A

Pancreas

22
Q

Endocrine cells are called

A

islets of Langerhans

23
Q

produce glucagon

A

alpha cells

24
Q

produce insulin

A

Beta cells

25
Q

Hypoinsulinism

A

Diabetes mellitus

26
Q

insulin-dependent
diabetes

A

Type I diabetes mellitus

27
Q
  • autoimmune disorder
  • usually appears in childhood
A

Type I diabetes mellitus

28
Q

Treatment for Type I diabetes

A

insulin injections

29
Q

non-insulin-dependent
diabetes

A

Type II diabetes mellitus

30
Q

usually due to target cells having a decreased responsiveness to insulin
- usually occurs after age 40 – risk increases with age

A

Type II diabetes mellitus

31
Q

accounts for over 90% of diabetes cases

A

Type II diabetes mellitus

32
Q

the ability of selected organisms to lose almost all water and enter a state of reversible ametabolism

A

Anhydrobiosis

33
Q

Basic components of homeostatic control system

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Control center
  3. Effector
  4. Feedback
  5. Conformity and Regulations
34
Q

*when an organism is confronted with changes in its environment

A

Conformity and regulation

35
Q

environmental challenges induce internal body changes that simply parallel the external conditions

A

Conformers

36
Q

biochemical, physiological, behavioral, and other mechanisms to regulate their internal environment over a broad range of external environmental changes

A

regulators

37
Q

maintain ion concentrations of body fluids above environmental levels when placed in dilute water vice versa

A

Osmoregulators

BIO108 - Gen. Physiology (18 decks)

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