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BIO108 - Gen. Physiology > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

Integument means

A

covering

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2
Q

Functions of integumentary system

A
  1. Protection
  2. Sensation
  3. Vitamin D production
  4. Temperature and regulation
  5. Excretion
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3
Q
  • ULTRAVIOLET LIGHTS (Melanin absorbs UV)
  • MICROORGANISMS AND OTHER FOREIGN SUBSTANCES
  • HAIR ON THE HEAD ACT AS HEAT INSULATOR.
  • EYEBROWS KEEPS SWEAT OUT OF THE EYES EYELASHES PROTECT THE EYES FROM FOREIGN OBJECTS
  • HAIR IN THE NOSE AND EARS
  • INTACT SKIN REDUCE WATER LOSS (ITS LIPIDS ACT AS A BARRIER TO WATER DIFFUSION)
A

Protection

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4
Q

THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM HAS SENSORY RECEPTORS

A

Sensation

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5
Q

The integumentary system has receptors that can detect

A
  • Heat
  • Cold
  • Touch
  • Pressure
  • Pain
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6
Q

the body temperature is within normal range even when environmental temperature varies

A

Themoregulation

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7
Q

Small amount of waste products are lost through the skin in gland secretions

A

Excretion

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8
Q

Two major tissue layers that made up the skin

A

Epidermis and dermis

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9
Q
  • the most superficial layer of skin.
  • It is a layer of epithelial tissue that rests on the dermis
A

The Epidermis

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10
Q

is a layer of dense connective tissue

A

the Dermis

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11
Q
  • considered to be not part of the skin
  • the rest of the skin which is a layer of connective tissue
A

Subcutaneous tissue

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12
Q

The distinct layers of epidermis is called

A

Strata

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13
Q

gives the stratum corneum its structural strength.

A

Keratin

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14
Q
  • Cells of the epidermis
  • The body’s most abundant epithelial cells
  • Contain large amounts of keratin
A

Keratinocytes

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15
Q

Deepest Stratum Consist of ___ _ ___ __

A

cuboidal or columnar cells

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16
Q

the deepest stratum undergo what?

A

Mitotic division about every 19 days

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17
Q

The cells in these layers have lots of desmosomes (spiny appearance)

A

Stratum spinosum

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18
Q

the thin layer of cells in the epidermis

A

Stratum granulosum

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19
Q

A thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its translucent appearance

A

Stratum lucidum

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20
Q
  • Consists of dead squamous cells filled with Keratin.
  • Coated and surrounded by Lipids
  • Composed of 25 or more layers of dead squamous cells joined by desmosomes.
A

Stratum corneum

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21
Q

Some collagen fibers that are oriented in more directions than others, forms _____

A

cleavage lines

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22
Q

are more resistant to stretch

A

Cleavage lines, or tension lines

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23
Q

An incision made across cleavage

A
  • can gap
  • increasing time needed for healing
  • results in increasing scar tissue formation
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24
Q

An incision made parallel to cleavage

A
  • less gapping
  • faster healing
  • less scar tissue
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25
Q

are projections toward the epidermis found in the upper part of the dermis

A

Dermal papillae

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26
Q

Also called HYPODERMIS

A

Subcutaneous tissue

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27
Q

Functions of Subcutaneous tissue

A
  • Padding
  • Insulation
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28
Q

Factors that determine skin color

A
  • Pigments in the skin.
  • Blood circulating through the skin.
  • Thickness of the stratum corneum.
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29
Q

Two primary pigments

A
  • Melanin
  • Carotene
30
Q

is the group of pigments primarily responsible for skin, hair, and eye color

A

Melanin

31
Q

is a yellow pigment found in plants such as squash and carrots.

A

Carotene

32
Q

provides protection against ultraviolet light from the sun.

A

Melanin

33
Q

Produces melanin

A

melanocytes

34
Q

Melanin is packages into the vesicles called

A

Melanosomes

35
Q

move into the cell processes of melanocytes

A

Melanosomes

36
Q

The accesory structures

A
  • Hair
  • Glands
  • Nails
37
Q

Found everywhere on the skin

A

Hair

38
Q

Hair can be found everywhere in skin except

A
  • Palms
  • Soles
  • parts of genitalia
  • distal segment of the skin and toes
39
Q

Parts of the hair

A

A. Medulla
B. Cortex
C. Cuticle

40
Q

innermost layer of the hair shaft

A

Medulla

41
Q

surrounds the medulla

A

Cortex

42
Q

the outermost part of the hair that covers the Cortex

A

Cuticle

43
Q
  • The hair that is visible.
  • Protrudes above the surface of the skin.
A

Hair shaft

44
Q
  • Forms the base of the hair follicle that rests on the Hair Papilla
A

Hair Bulb

45
Q

A mass of connective tissue, nerve endings and blood capillaries at the base of the hair follicle

A

Hair papilla

46
Q
  • Smooth muscle cells
  • Contraction causes a raised area of skin (goose bumps).
A

Arrector pili

47
Q

2 Major galnds in skin

A

A. Sebaceous glands
B. Sweat glands

48
Q

Glands that produce SEBUM

A

Sebaceous glands

49
Q

Types of sweat glands

A
  1. Eccrine sweat glands
  2. Apocrine sweat glands
50
Q

Are simple, coiled, tubular glands and release sweat by merocrine secretion

A

Eccrine sweat glands

51
Q

Where is eccrine sweat glands found?

A

Most numerous in the pams and soles

52
Q
  • Simpled coiled, and tubular
  • Produces a thick secretion rich in organic substances released by Merocrine secretion
A

Apocrine sweat glands

53
Q

Where is apocrine glands found

A
  • Found in armpits
  • Nipples
  • Public region
54
Q

Types of skin lesions

A

Bulla
Macule
Nodule
Patch
Papule
Plaque
Pustule
Vesicle
Wheal
Scale
Crust
Fissure
Exocriation
Erosion
Lichenification
Scar

55
Q

is a thin plate, consisting of layers of dead stratum corneum cells that contain a very hard type of keratin.

A

Nail

56
Q

Parts of Nail

A

Nail Body
Nail root
Lunula

57
Q

The visible part in nail

A

Nail body

58
Q

The part of the nail covered by skin cuticle (Eponychium)

A

Nail root

59
Q

Small part of the nail matrix

A

Lunula

60
Q

A BLUISH COLOR TO THE SKIN CAUSED BY DECREASED BLOOD O2 CONTENT, IS AN INDICATION OF IMPAIRED CIRCULATORY OR RESPIRATORY FUNCTION

A

Cyanosis

61
Q

A YELLOWISH SKIN COLOR

A

Jaundice

62
Q

How does jaundice occurs

A
  • Liver is damaged by disease ( Such as Viral hepatitis)
  • Rashes and Lesions
63
Q

Effects of Againg on the Integumentary system

A
  • Thinning of the Epidermis.
  • The amount of collagen in the dermis decreases
  • Vitamin D3 production declines
  • Blood supply to dermis is reduced Function of hair follicles decline
  • Dermis thins and elastic fibers decreases
  • Loss of adipose tissue
  • Repair rate slows
  • Skin is drier as sebaceous glands activity decreases
64
Q

Most common cancer.
Mainly caused by UV light exposure

A

Skin Cancer

65
Q

More prone to skin cancer

A

Fair-skinned people

66
Q

cause tan and is associated with malignant melanomas

A

UVA rays

67
Q

rays that cause sunburns

A

UVB rays

68
Q

Should block UVA and UVB

A

Sunscreen

69
Q

Types of skin cancer

A
  • Basal Cell carcinoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Malignant Melanoma
70
Q

cells in stratum basale affected cancer removed by surgery

A

Basal cell carcinoma

71
Q

cells above stratum basale affected can cause death

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

72
Q

arises from melanocytes in a mole rare type can cause death

A

Malignant melanoma

BIO108 - Gen. Physiology (20 decks)

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