Integumentary Flashcards
Integument means
covering
Functions of integumentary system
- Protection
- Sensation
- Vitamin D production
- Temperature and regulation
- Excretion
- ULTRAVIOLET LIGHTS (Melanin absorbs UV)
- MICROORGANISMS AND OTHER FOREIGN SUBSTANCES
- HAIR ON THE HEAD ACT AS HEAT INSULATOR.
- EYEBROWS KEEPS SWEAT OUT OF THE EYES EYELASHES PROTECT THE EYES FROM FOREIGN OBJECTS
- HAIR IN THE NOSE AND EARS
- INTACT SKIN REDUCE WATER LOSS (ITS LIPIDS ACT AS A BARRIER TO WATER DIFFUSION)
Protection
THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM HAS SENSORY RECEPTORS
Sensation
The integumentary system has receptors that can detect
- Heat
- Cold
- Touch
- Pressure
- Pain
the body temperature is within normal range even when environmental temperature varies
Themoregulation
Small amount of waste products are lost through the skin in gland secretions
Excretion
Two major tissue layers that made up the skin
Epidermis and dermis
- the most superficial layer of skin.
- It is a layer of epithelial tissue that rests on the dermis
The Epidermis
is a layer of dense connective tissue
the Dermis
- considered to be not part of the skin
- the rest of the skin which is a layer of connective tissue
Subcutaneous tissue
The distinct layers of epidermis is called
Strata
gives the stratum corneum its structural strength.
Keratin
- Cells of the epidermis
- The body’s most abundant epithelial cells
- Contain large amounts of keratin
Keratinocytes
Deepest Stratum Consist of ___ _ ___ __
cuboidal or columnar cells
the deepest stratum undergo what?
Mitotic division about every 19 days
The cells in these layers have lots of desmosomes (spiny appearance)
Stratum spinosum
the thin layer of cells in the epidermis
Stratum granulosum
A thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its translucent appearance
Stratum lucidum
- Consists of dead squamous cells filled with Keratin.
- Coated and surrounded by Lipids
- Composed of 25 or more layers of dead squamous cells joined by desmosomes.
Stratum corneum
Some collagen fibers that are oriented in more directions than others, forms _____
cleavage lines
are more resistant to stretch
Cleavage lines, or tension lines
An incision made across cleavage
- can gap
- increasing time needed for healing
- results in increasing scar tissue formation
An incision made parallel to cleavage
- less gapping
- faster healing
- less scar tissue
are projections toward the epidermis found in the upper part of the dermis
Dermal papillae
Also called HYPODERMIS
Subcutaneous tissue
Functions of Subcutaneous tissue
- Padding
- Insulation
Factors that determine skin color
- Pigments in the skin.
- Blood circulating through the skin.
- Thickness of the stratum corneum.
Two primary pigments
- Melanin
- Carotene
is the group of pigments primarily responsible for skin, hair, and eye color
Melanin
is a yellow pigment found in plants such as squash and carrots.
Carotene
provides protection against ultraviolet light from the sun.
Melanin
Produces melanin
melanocytes
Melanin is packages into the vesicles called
Melanosomes
move into the cell processes of melanocytes
Melanosomes
The accesory structures
- Hair
- Glands
- Nails
Found everywhere on the skin
Hair
Hair can be found everywhere in skin except
- Palms
- Soles
- parts of genitalia
- distal segment of the skin and toes
Parts of the hair
A. Medulla
B. Cortex
C. Cuticle
innermost layer of the hair shaft
Medulla
surrounds the medulla
Cortex
the outermost part of the hair that covers the Cortex
Cuticle
- The hair that is visible.
- Protrudes above the surface of the skin.
Hair shaft
- Forms the base of the hair follicle that rests on the Hair Papilla
Hair Bulb
A mass of connective tissue, nerve endings and blood capillaries at the base of the hair follicle
Hair papilla
- Smooth muscle cells
- Contraction causes a raised area of skin (goose bumps).
Arrector pili
2 Major galnds in skin
A. Sebaceous glands
B. Sweat glands
Glands that produce SEBUM
Sebaceous glands
Types of sweat glands
- Eccrine sweat glands
- Apocrine sweat glands
Are simple, coiled, tubular glands and release sweat by merocrine secretion
Eccrine sweat glands
Where is eccrine sweat glands found?
Most numerous in the pams and soles
- Simpled coiled, and tubular
- Produces a thick secretion rich in organic substances released by Merocrine secretion
Apocrine sweat glands
Where is apocrine glands found
- Found in armpits
- Nipples
- Public region
Types of skin lesions
Bulla
Macule
Nodule
Patch
Papule
Plaque
Pustule
Vesicle
Wheal
Scale
Crust
Fissure
Exocriation
Erosion
Lichenification
Scar
is a thin plate, consisting of layers of dead stratum corneum cells that contain a very hard type of keratin.
Nail
Parts of Nail
Nail Body
Nail root
Lunula
The visible part in nail
Nail body
The part of the nail covered by skin cuticle (Eponychium)
Nail root
Small part of the nail matrix
Lunula
A BLUISH COLOR TO THE SKIN CAUSED BY DECREASED BLOOD O2 CONTENT, IS AN INDICATION OF IMPAIRED CIRCULATORY OR RESPIRATORY FUNCTION
Cyanosis
A YELLOWISH SKIN COLOR
Jaundice
How does jaundice occurs
- Liver is damaged by disease ( Such as Viral hepatitis)
- Rashes and Lesions
Effects of Againg on the Integumentary system
- Thinning of the Epidermis.
- The amount of collagen in the dermis decreases
- Vitamin D3 production declines
- Blood supply to dermis is reduced Function of hair follicles decline
- Dermis thins and elastic fibers decreases
- Loss of adipose tissue
- Repair rate slows
- Skin is drier as sebaceous glands activity decreases
Most common cancer.
Mainly caused by UV light exposure
Skin Cancer
More prone to skin cancer
Fair-skinned people
cause tan and is associated with malignant melanomas
UVA rays
rays that cause sunburns
UVB rays
Should block UVA and UVB
Sunscreen
Types of skin cancer
- Basal Cell carcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Malignant Melanoma
cells in stratum basale affected cancer removed by surgery
Basal cell carcinoma
cells above stratum basale affected can cause death
Squamous cell carcinoma
arises from melanocytes in a mole rare type can cause death
Malignant melanoma
