LEARNING THEORIES classical conditioning Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a reflex

A

an automatic response to a stimuli

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2
Q

explain the theory behind classical conditioning

A

learning through association - assumes learning is passive and is based on reflex behaviours that all humans and animals have

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3
Q

explain the diagram for classical conditioning

A

UCS ————- UCR
UCS + NS ————- UCR
CS ————— CR

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4
Q

what is the UCS

A

unconditional stimuli - something that naturally has the power to produce a response

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5
Q

what is the UCR

A

unconditional response - a natural response to an unconditional stimuli (not learnt)

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6
Q

what is the NS

A

neutral stimuli - has no potential to cause a reflex response before it is paired with the unconditional stimuli

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7
Q

what is the CS

A

conditioned stimuli - results from the pairing of the neutral stimuli with an unconditioned stimulus

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8
Q

what is the CR

A

conditioned response - the learned response to the conditioned stimuli

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9
Q

what are the 4 properties of classical conditioning

A

extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalisation, discrimination

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10
Q

explain how extinction occurs

A

when an association is no longer present

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11
Q

explain how spontaneous recovery occurs

A

after extinction when an association reappears without re-conditioning

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12
Q

how does generalisation occur

A

when a stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus produces a conditioned response

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13
Q

how does discrimination occur

A

when the conditioning is focused on a specific stimulus

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14
Q

positives of the theory

A
  • supporting evidence from Pavlov - classical conditioning of salivation process in dogs when hearing a metronome - credibility
  • scientific credibility - carried out in highly controlled lab experiments - looks at observable behaviours - not internal mental processes
  • useful application - therapeutic - systematic desensitisation - phobias
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15
Q

negatives of the theory

A
  • credibility - vast amount of knowledge has been obtained by using animals - generalising findings to humans is not possible
  • nature vs nurture - fails to acknowledge that behaviour can be innate - reflex responses are present from birth - learning reduced to nurture
  • reductionist - isolates a response to a stimulus - focuses on new behaviour - ignores mental processes and genes
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16
Q
A