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Spanish Wine Scholar > Las Islas Baleares > Flashcards

Las Islas Baleares Flashcards

1
Q

Which is the smallest autonomous community in Spain?

A

Las Islas Baleares

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2
Q

How many provinces are in the autonomous community of Las Islas Baleares? What are they called?

A

One
Same: Las Islas Baleares

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3
Q

Capital, largest city of Las Islas Baleares?

A

Palma de Mallorca (400k 37%)

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4
Q

Climate of Las Islas Baleares? What is it like?

A

Mediterranean
Moderate, warm summers, mild winters

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5
Q

Which group of islands in Las Islas Baleares is warmer?

A

Mallorca and Menorca 4-37ºC
(Ibiza and Formentera 12-26ºC)

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6
Q

Rainfall in Las Islas Baleares? When?

A

Low (300-650mm)
autumn, winter
(among the lowest rainfall in Spain)

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7
Q

Weather hazards in Las Islas Baleares?

A

Violent autumn downpours
Occasional hailstorms

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8
Q

What is the mountain range called in Las Islas Baleares? Where is it?

A

Serra de Tramuntana Mountains
NW Mallorca

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9
Q

Where is the coolest and wettest place in Las Islas Baleares?

A

Serra de Tramuntana Mountains
(1,500mm) can snow on peaks

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10
Q

Which wind affects Las Islas Baleares? Where does it come from? What is it like?

A

Tramontana
Western France
Strong, cold, dry

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11
Q

Which islands are most hit by the Tramontana wind? Which is more affected and why?

A

Mallorca and Menorca

Menorca, because Mallorca is partly shielded by the Serra de Tramuntana Mountains

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12
Q

Other than the Tramontana, what other named wind affects which island? What is it like? When does it blow? What effect does it have?

A

Embat
Mallorca
Localised thermal wind, soft humid sea breeze
Sunniest part of the day, starting from 12 nooon, tapering off at sunset
Carries actual sea salt onto grape skins

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13
Q

Las Islas Baleares are an extension of which mainland Spanish mountain range?

A

Sistema Bético

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14
Q

Are most islands in Las Islas Baleares flat or mountainous?

A

Mostly fairly flat

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15
Q

The Serra de Tramuntana Mountains, on the island of Mallorca run:
in what direction?
for how far?
where?

A

SW-NE
90 km
NW coast of Mallorca

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16
Q

Las Islas Baleares: lots of rivers or hardly any?

A

Almost none

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17
Q

Name a significant river in Las Islas Baleares, and its host island? What is it like?

A

Santa Eulalia River
Ibiza
A stream usually, bigger after a storm (17km long)

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18
Q

Where do people on Las Islas Baleares source their fresh water?

A

Freshwater lakes
Desalination plants

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19
Q

Is irrigation permitted on Las Islas Baleares?

A

Yes, as necessary, to avoid hydric stress

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20
Q

What is the general soil typs in Las Islas Baleares? What are they poor in? High in? What one feature is most important to viticulture?

A

Generally calcareous
Poor in nutrients
Rich in calcium, magnesium carbonate
Water retention (low rainfall)

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21
Q

In Mallorca, what often has to be done to work the soil for vine roots?

A

The limestone-rich soils form hardpans which must be broken

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22
Q

DO Pla i Llevant in central and eastern Mallorca has which unusual topsoil? What is it like? What is its water retention like?

A

call vermell

Reddish clay, often with limestone gravels and stones
Free draining

23
Q

What are the soils generally like on Menorca?

A

Marl over limestone and sandstone

24
Q

What are the soils generally like on Ibiza and Formentera?

A

Ibiza: clay-loam over limestone
Formentera: limestone, sand

25
Q

What effect did phylloxera have on Las Islas Baleares?

A

Decimated the vineyards, replanted with indigenous and international varieties

26
Q

Name four indigenous and three international grapes grown on Las Islas Baleares, and their colours

A

Indigenous:
W: Prensal Blanc / Moll
R: Manto Negro
R: Callet
R: Fogoneu

International:
W: Chardonnay
R: Cabernet Sauvignon
R: Merlot

27
Q

Which grapes are most popular in the Serra de Tramuntana production zone on Mallorca?

A

Malvasía
Chardonnay

28
Q

On islands other than Mallorca, are the grape varieties mostly red or white?

A

Red

29
Q

What are the main grapes grown on:
Menorca
Ibiza
Formentera

A

Menorca: Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon
Ibiza and Formentera: Monastrell

30
Q

Vine pruning techniques on Las Islas Baleares? Manual or mechanical?

A

Traditionally: en vaso
Increasingly: espaldera
Increasingly mechanical on these mostly flat islands (the exception is the Serra de Tramuntana Mountains)

31
Q

What styles of wine are made on Las Islas Baleares? To be drunk young or aged?

A

All of vinos tintos, rosados, blancos, espumosos.
Majority for early consumption, some experiments with lees and barrel ageing.

32
Q

Which white grape is increasingly getting lees and barrel ageing on Las Islas Baleares?

A

Prensal Blanc

33
Q

Which two red grapes are increasingly made in high quality, age-worthy styles on Las Islas Baleares?

A

Manto Negro
Callet

34
Q

Name the DOs of Las Islas Baleares, and their host islands?

A

DO Binissalem
DO Pla i Llevant

Both on Mallorca

35
Q

When did phylloxera reach DO Binissalem on Mallorca, and with what effect?

A

1891
Destroyed the industry, recovering in recent decades

36
Q

When did DO Binissalem have its largest wine production?

A

During the initial outbreak of phylloxera in France

37
Q

Where is DO Binissalem on Las Islas Baleares? Big or small? Near what topographical feature, which has what effect?

A

West-central Mallorca
Small 155 sq km
Near Serra de Tramuntana Mountains which shield from brutal Tramontana winds

38
Q

Is DO Binissalem on Mallorca planted more to red or white grapes? Top varieties?

A

Red (75%)
Top grape is Manto Negro (37%),
then Cabernet Sauvignon (26%)

39
Q

What proportion of the DO Binissalem vineyard is planted to white grapes? What is the most common?

A

25% white
Prensal Blanc/Moll (56%)

40
Q

What are the grape restrictions for red wine in DO Binissalem on Mallorca?

A

Min 35% Manto Negro
Max 30% Gorgollassa

41
Q

What age designations are used for DO Binissalem wines on Mallorca?

A

the usual: crianza, reserva, gran reserva

42
Q

What are wines made from Manto Negro like, in DO Binissalem on Mallorca?

A

pale colour
berry fruit and flowers
light
low tannins
high alcohol

43
Q

What are the grape restrictions for white wine in DO Binissalem on Mallorca?

A

Min 50% Prensal Blanc/Moll or Moscatel

44
Q

What are the grape restrictions for sparkling wine in DO Binissalem on Mallorca?

A

Min 50% Prensal Blanc/Moll

45
Q

What are the grape restrictions for rosado wine in DO Binissalem on Mallorca?

A

No blending requirement

46
Q

On which island is DO Pla i Llevant in Las Islas Baleares? What language is Pla i Llevant and what does it mean?

A

Mallorca
Catalan
Plain and east coast

47
Q

What is the landscape like in DO Pla i Llevant on Mallorca? The climate, including any winds and their effects?

A

The flat eastern part of Mallorca.
Warmer, drier side of the island.
Embat sea breezes temper the climate, moisture in warm months, and carries sea salt.

48
Q

Is DO Pla i Llevant in Mallorca planted more to red or white? Indigenous or international? Makes more varietals or blends?

A

More red (58% )
Most international (77%)
Majority blends (varietals mostly from international grapes)

49
Q

In DO Pla i Llevant on Mallorca, what are the three most planted red grapes, and two whites?

A

R: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, then Callet.
W: Cardonnay, Prensal Blanc/Moll

50
Q

Comparing DO Binissalem and DO Pla i Llevant on Mallorca:
which makes a higher proportion of tinto?
which has ‘call vermell’ soils?
which is higher elevation?
which has higher rainfall?
which is larger?

A

DO Binissalem 64% tinto
(DO Pla i Llevant 43% tinto)

DO Pla i Llevant is unique for call vermell

DO Binissalem is in the foothills of the Serra de Tramuntana Mountains, so…

DO Binissalem 70-140m
(DO Pla i Llevant 0-100m)

DO Binissalem 550mm rain
(DO Pla i Llevant 450mm)

DO Binissalem 605 ha
(DO Pla i Llevant 439 ha)

51
Q

In 73 CE, Pliny the Elder commented that the wines of Las Islas Baleares could be compared to the best in Italy. In which book?

A

Historiae Naturalis, Book XIV

52
Q

In which decade was wine production highest in Las Islas Baleares, and why?

A

1860s
high demand after phylloxera hit France
1891 phylloxera devastated Las Islas Baleares, which were largely replanted to almond trees

53
Q

In the 1980s-90s, what influences led to vineyards being pulled up and replaced with almond trees, and then replanted to vineyards with investment?

A

1980s EU subsidies to replace vines with alternative crops.
Tourism provoked producers to replant vines. Investment in research into local grapes.

Spanish Wine Scholar (25 decks)

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