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Spanish Wine Scholar > Las Islas Baleares > Flashcards

Las Islas Baleares Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two official languages of Las Islas Baleares? What are they called in the language other than Spanish?

A

Catalan
Illes Balears

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2
Q

Las Islas Baleares are in the western Mediterranean, how far from the Spanish mainland? across the Gulf of what?

A

80-300 km
Gulf of Lion

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3
Q

Name the three islands of the Balearics proper. What is the other group called, and what islands are members of it?

A

Gymnesians: Mallorca, Menorca, Cabrera

Pityuses: Ibiza, Formentera

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4
Q

Which is the smallest autonomous community in Spain?

A

Las Islas Baleares

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5
Q

How many provinces are in the autonomous community of Las Islas Baleares? What are they called?

A

One
Same: Las Islas Baleares

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6
Q

Capital, largest city of Las Islas Baleares?

A

Palma de Mallorca 400k 37%

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7
Q

Climate of Las Islas Baleares? What is it like?

A

Mediterranean
Moderate, warm summers, mild winters

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8
Q

Which group of islands is warmer?

A

Mallorca and Menorca 4-37ºC
(Ibiza and Formentera 12-26ºC)

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9
Q

Rainfall in Las Islas Baleares? When?

A

300-650mm
autumn, winter
(among the lowest rainfall in Spain)

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10
Q

Weather hazards in Las Islas Baleares?

A

Violent autumn downpours
Occasional hailstorms

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11
Q

What is the mountain range called in Las Islas Baleares? Where is it?

A

Serra de Tramuntana Mountains
NW Mallorca

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12
Q

Where is the coolest and wettest place in Las Islas Baleares?

A

Serra de Tramuntana Mountains
1,500mm, can snow on peaks

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13
Q

Which wind affects Las Islas Baleares? Where does it come from? What is it like?

A

Tramontana
Western France
Strong, cold, dry

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14
Q

Which islands are most hit by the Tramontana wind? Which is more affected and why?

A

Mallorca and Menorca

Menorca, because Mallorca is partly shielded by the Serra de Tramuntana Mountains

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15
Q

Other than the Tramontana, what other named wind affects which island? What is it like? When does it blow? What effect does it have?

A

Embat
Mallorca
Localised thermal wind, soft humid sea breeze
Sunniest part of the day, starting from 12 nooon, tapering off at sunset
Carries actual sea salt onto grape skins

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16
Q

Las Islas Baleares are an extension of which mainland Spanish mountain range?

A

Sistema Bético

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17
Q

Are most islands in Las Islas Baleares flat or mountainous?

A

Mostly fairly flat

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18
Q

The Serra de Tramuntana Mountains, on the island of Mallorca run:
in what direction?
for how far?
where?
what is the highest peak called?
what status did they receive in 2011?

A

SW-NE
90 km
NW coast of Mallorca
Puig Major 1,445m
UNESCO World Heritage site as a great cultural landscape

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19
Q

Las Islas Baleares: lots of rivers or hardly any?

A

Almost none

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20
Q

Name a significant river in Las Islas Baleares, and its host island? What is it like? Where does it drain?

A

Santa Eulalia River
Ibiza
17km stream usually, bigger after a storm
NE part of Ibiza

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21
Q

Where do people on Las Islas Baleares source their fresh water?

A

Freshwater lakes
Desalination plants

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22
Q

Is irrigation permitted on Las Islas Baleares?

A

Yes, as necessary, to avoid hydric stress

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23
Q

What is the general soil typs in Las Islas Baleares? What are they poor in? High in? What one feature is most important to viticulture?

A

Generally calcareous
Poor in nutrients
Rich in calcium, magnesium carbonate
Water retention (low rainfall)

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24
Q

In Mallorca, what often has to be done to work the soil for vine roots?

A

The limestone-rich soils form hardpans which must be broken

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25
Q

DO Pla i Llevant in central and eastern Mallorca has which unusual topsoil? What is it like? What is its water retention like?

A

call vermell

Reddish clay, often with limestong gravels and stones
Free draining

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26
Q

What are the soils generally like on Menorca?

A

Marl over limestone and sandstone

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27
Q

What are the soils generally like on Ibiza and Formentera?

A

Ibiza: clay-loam over limestone
Formentera: limestone, sand

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28
Q

What effect did phylloxera have on Las Islas Baleares?

A

Decimated the vineyards, replanted with indigenous and international varieties

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29
Q

Name four indigenous and three international grapes grown on Las Islas Baleares, and their colours

A

Indigenous:
W: Prensal Blanc / Moll
R: Manto Negro
R: Callet
R: Fogoneu

International:
W: Chardonnay
R: Cabernet Sauvignon
R: Merlot

30
Q

Which grapes are most popular in the Serra de Tramuntana production zone on Mallorca?

A

Malvasía
Chardonnay

31
Q

On islands other than Mallorca, are the grape varieties mostly red or white?

A

Red

32
Q

What are the main grapes grown on:
Menorca
Ibiza
Formentera

A

Menorca: Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon
Ibiza and Formentera: Monastrell

33
Q

Vine pruning techniques on Las Islas Baleares? Manual or mechanical?

A

Traditionally: en vaso
Increasingly: espaldera
Increasingly mechanical on these mostly flat islands (the exception is the Serra de Tramuntana Mountains)

34
Q

What styles of wine are made on Las Islas Baleares? To be drunk young or aged?

A

All of vinos tintos, rosados, blancos, espumosos.
Majority for early consumption, some experiments with lees and barrel ageing.

35
Q

Which white grape is increasingly getting lees and barrel ageing on Las Islas Baleares?

A

Prensal Blanc

36
Q

Which two red grapes are increasingly made in high quality, age-worthy styles on Las Islas Baleares?

A

Manto Negro
Callet

37
Q

Name the DOs of Las Islas Baleares, and their host islands?

A

DO Binissalem
DO Pla i Llevant

Both on Mallorca

38
Q

When did phylloxera reach DO Binissalem on Mallorca, and with what effect?

A

1891
Destroyed the industry, recovering in recent decades

39
Q

When did DO Binissalem have its largest wine production?

A

During the initial outbreak of phylloxera in France

40
Q

Where is DO Binissalem on Las Islas Baleares? Big or small? Near what topographical feature, which has what effect?

A

West-central Mallorca
Small 155 sq km
Near Serra de Tramuntana Mountains which shield from brutal Tramontana winds

41
Q

Is DO Binissalem on Mallorca planted more to red or white grapes? Top varieties?

A

75% red
of which 37% Manto Negro, 26% Cabernet Sauvignon

42
Q

What proportion of the DO Binissalem vineyard is planted to white grapes? What is the most common?

A

25% white, of which 56% Prensal Blanc/Moll

43
Q

What are the grape restrictions for red wine in DO Binissalem on Mallorca?

A

Min 35% Manto Negro
Max 30% Gorgollassa

44
Q

What age designations are used for DO Binissalem wines on Mallorca?

A

the usual: crianza, reserva, gran reserva

45
Q

What are wines made from Manto Negro like, in DO Binissalem on Mallorca?

A

pale colour
berry fruit and flowers
light
low tannins
high alcohol

46
Q

What are the grape restrictions for white wine in DO Binissalem on Mallorca?

A

Min 50% Prensal Blanc/Moll or Moscatel

47
Q

What are the grape restrictions for sparkling wine in DO Binissalem on Mallorca?

A

Min 50% Prensal Blanc/Moll

48
Q

What are the grape restrictions for rosado wine in DO Binissalem on Mallorca?

A

No blending requirement

49
Q

On which island is DO Pla i Llevant in Las Islas Baleares? What language is Pla i Llevant and what does it mean?

A

Mallorca
Catalan
Plain and east coast

50
Q

What is the landscape like in DO Pla i Llevant on Mallorca? The climate, including any winds and their effects?

A

The flat eastern part of Mallorca.
Warmer, drier side of the island.
Embat sea breezes temper the climate, moisture in warm months, and carries sea salt.

51
Q

Is DO Pla i Llevant in Mallorca planted more to red or white? Indigenous or international? Makes more varietals or blends?

A

58% red
77% international
Majority blends (varietals mostly from international grapes)

52
Q

In DO Pla i Llevant on Mallorca, what are the three most planted red grapes, and two whites?

A

R: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, then Callet.
W: Cardonnay, Prensal Blanc/Moll

53
Q

Comparing DO Binissalem and DO Pla i Llevant on Mallorca:
which makes a higher proportion of tinto?
which has ‘call vermell’ soils?
which is higher elevation?
which has higher rainfall?
which is larger?

A

DO Binissalem 64% tinto
(DO Pla i Llevant 43% tinto)

DO Pla i Llevant is unique for call vermell

DO Binissalem is in the foothills of the Serra de Tramuntana Mountains…

DO Binissalem 70-140m
(DO Pla i Llevant 0-100m)

DO Binissalem 550mm rain
(DO Pla i Llevant 450mm)

DO Binissalem 605 ha
(DO Pla i Llevant 439 ha)

54
Q

What story by which Greek poet led to the Greeks calling Las Islas Baleares the Naked Islands?

A

Lycophron
Shipwrecked Greek sailors wash up naked, live with near-naked locals, call Mallorca and Menorca ‘Illes Gimnèsies’ (Naked Islands)

55
Q

What did the Greeks call Ibiza and Formentera, in Las Islas Baleares, and why?

A

Illes Pitiüses
(Pityusic or Pine Islands)
They were covered in pine trees

56
Q

In which century did the Phoenicians come to Las Islas Baleares?

A

7C BCE

57
Q

How did Las Islas Baleares get that name, according to the SWS book?

A

The Roman general Quintus Caecilius Metellus conquered Mallorca and Menorca, and was given the cognomen (third name) ‘Balearicus’ to honour his victory. The islands took that name. (Other sources suggest the island name came first.)

58
Q

In 73 CE, Pliny the Elder commented that the wines of Las Islas Baleares could be compared to the best in Italy. In which book?

A

Historiae Naturalis, Book XIV

59
Q

Who ruled Las Islas Baleares from 5-8C CE?

A

Vandals
Byzantines
Moors

60
Q

What did the Swedes set up in Las Islas Baleares in 9C, and what happened to it?

A

Pirate base
Promptly leveled by the Emirate of Córdoba

61
Q

How did Las Islas Baleares resist the Emirate of Córdoba?

A

They revolted and set up an independent Taifa of Mallorca

62
Q

When did Muslim rule of Las Islas Baleares come to an end, and how?

A

1229
King James I of Aragón took the islands

63
Q

After Muslim rule, which states ruled Las Islas Baleares until Ferdinand and Isabella took it into the Kingdom of Spain?

A

Cataluña
Aragón

64
Q

What wiped out the entire population of Formentera in the 14C? How long was it unpopulated for?

A

Bubonic plague
Four centuries

65
Q

Which powers harrassed Las Islas Baleares during the 16C?

A

North African Barbary pirates
Ottoman Empire

66
Q

The Spanish War of Succession was ended by which treaty in which year, giving which Menorca to which power? Who captured it during the Seven Years’ War (1756-63)? When was it returned to Spain?

A

1713
Treaty of Utrecht
the British
the French
1802

67
Q

In which decade was wine production highest in Las Islas Baleares, and why?

A

1860s
high demand after phylloxera hit France
1891 phylloxera devastated Las Islas Baleares, which were largely replanted to almond trees

68
Q

Which side were Las Islas Baleares on during the Spanish Civil War? Which fascists established an air base on which island?

A

Different islands took different sides.
Italian fascist troops on Mallorca.

69
Q

What were the post civil war Franco years like for Las Islas Baleares?

A

Peaceful

70
Q

When did Las Islas Baleares become an autonomous region, with what official languages?

A

1983
Castilian Spanish and Catalan

71
Q

In the 1980s-90s, what influences led to vineyards being pulled up and replaced with almond trees, and then replanted to vineyards with investment?

A

1980s EU subsidies to replace vines with alternative crops.
Tourism provoked producers to replant vines. Investment in research into local grapes.

Spanish Wine Scholar (17 decks)

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