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Spanish Wine Scholar > Galicia > Flashcards

Galicia Flashcards

1
Q

Spanish for Green Spain

A

España Verde

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2
Q

Name the autonomous communities in Green Spain

A

Galicia
Cantabria
Asturias
País Vasco

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3
Q

Galicia is known as the “country of…”?

A

Country of the thousand rivers

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4
Q

Name the two main rivers in Galicia

A

Miño
Sil

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5
Q

Name the main mountain range in Galicia

A

Macizo Galaico / Galician Massif

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6
Q

Name the three primary ranges in the Macizo Galaico / Galician Massif

A

Serra do Eixe
Serra da Enciña da Lastra
Serra do Courel

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7
Q

The most successful grape varieties in Galicia have what characteristics?

A

Early ripening
Cool climate varieties

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8
Q

Climate of Galicia

A

Maritime

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9
Q

Winter in Galicia: typical temperature, describe the rainfall

A

mild (avg 14ºC), heavy rain

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10
Q

Summer in Galicia: describe the rainfall pattern

A

Drought in south
Rain all year in north

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11
Q

In summer, which parts of Galicia are warmest? coolest?

A

Warmest: inland
Coolest: NW coast

NW coast 23ºC
SW coast 25ºC
inland 30ºC

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12
Q

Galicia is bordered by…

A

Atlantic (cliffs and rías)
Portugal
Castilla y León
Asturias

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13
Q

Describe a ría

A

Submerged river estuary
Branch-like, convoluted, indented coastline with islands
Insignificant water source, no silt

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14
Q

Capital and largest city in Galicia

A

Capital: Santiago de Compostela
Largest city: Vigo in SW

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15
Q

How are vines trained, depending on terrain in Galicia?

A

Steep slopes: en espaldera on terraces (costly, manual)
Flatter sites: parrals (high yield, preferred by smallholders)

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16
Q

Describe vine training: parral

A

Parral: 7ft high granite posts and trellises, ventilation, room for second crop under

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17
Q

What are soil types generally like at the coast, up river, and inland?

A

Soils (granite is ideal - porous, well drained)
* Coast: granite, sandy, shallow, acidic (sandy beaches?)
* Inland up rivers: granite, clay (clay river beds?)
* Further inland up rivers: shallow slate, shale, granitic sand

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18
Q

Does Galicia make more white or red wine?

A

White

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19
Q

Are Galician grape varieties usually international or indigenous

A

Almost all indigenous

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20
Q

What techniques are usual for vinification in Galicia?

A

Stainless steel
Fresh wines for immediate consumption
Some producers barrel age

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21
Q

For which four white grape varieties are producers experimenting with barrel ageing, in Galicia?

A

Albariño
Godello
Treixadura
Loureira

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22
Q

What genus and species are French, American, Galician oak?

A

Genus: quercus

Species:
* French: petraea/robur
* American: alba
* Galician: pyrenaica

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23
Q

Rías Baixas: mostly red/white? percentage? dominant variety?

A

99% blanco (Albariño)

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24
Q

Characteristics of Albariño in Rías Baixas

A

mostly unoaked, young, light, acid, pale, citrus / peach / white flowers

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25
Q

Rías Baixas: soil

A

Shallow sandy soil, some granite, alluvial on Miño

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26
Q

Rías Baixas: elevation, rainfall, climate

A

low elevation (0-300m)
high rainfall (1,691 mm/yr)
maritime

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27
Q

Which DO in Galicia has the largest area under vine?

A

Rías Baixas (4,021 ha)

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28
Q

Galician for small family Bodegas

A

Adegas is Galician for small family quality Bodegas

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29
Q

DO Ribeiro, in Galicia: mostly red/white? percentage? dominant variety?

A

90% blanco (Treixadura)

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30
Q

DO Ribeiro, in Galicia: soil with percentages

A

70% granite + organic; 20% schist, 10% sedimentary
Best on hillsides above rivers

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31
Q

Name the three main rivers of DO Ribeiro. What effect do they have?

A

Avia
Miño
Arnoia
They moderate temperatures in valley floor, but the best vineyard sites are up on the hillsides in cooler air anyway.

32
Q

DO Ribeiro: elevation, rainfall, climate

A

low-ish (100-350m) but enough to cool air, maintain acidity, prolong growing season
moderate rain (900 mm/yr)
maritime

33
Q

Oldest DO in Galicia, first winemakers, historically famous for what?

A

Ribeiro
Roman
historic sweet wines for pilgrims

34
Q

DO Ribeiro: main weather hazard

A

spring frost

35
Q

Boutique winery in DO Ribeiro: local name, regulations, how many?

A

Colleiteiro
<= 60,000 L/yr, all production on site
115 (in 2016)

36
Q

DO Ribeira Sacra: mostly red/white? percentage? dominant variety?

A

94% tinto (Mencía)
Most production 100% Mencía

37
Q

DO Ribeira Sacra: minimum requirements for grape varieties

A

minimum 70% of the 6 preferred varieties

38
Q

Characteristics of Menćia in DO Ribeira Sacra

A

light, fresh, moderate colour, berries / herbs / smokey, some ageing large wood vats

39
Q

DO Ribeira Sacra: soils by river

A

Slate (Miño, NW)
granite (Sil / Bibei, SE)

40
Q

Ribeira Sacra: elevation, rainfall, climate

A

400-500m
700-800 mm/yr
maritime + continental

41
Q

DO Ribeira Sacra: history of the name

A

Name from 1124 constitutional document authorised by Doña Teresa (daughter of King Alfonse VI of Portugal): Rovoyra Sacrata, referring to the site for a monastery.

1608: typo by Benedictine monk (Rivoyra Sacrata)

42
Q

DO Ribeira Sacra: name for premium wine and minimum requirements (for tintos, blancos)

A

Ribeira Sacra Summum = 85%+ preferred grapes and 60%+ Mencía

For whites: 100% preferred grapes

43
Q

DO Valdeorras: mostly red/white? percentage? dominant variety?

A

55% blanco (blanco usually 100% Godello)

44
Q

DO Valdeorras is mostly white, but what is the main red variety?

A

Mencía

45
Q

Minimum proportion of named grape in DO Valdeorras, if labelled:
Valdeorras Godello
Valdeorras Mencía

A

100% Godello
85% Mencía

46
Q

Minimum variety requirement for vinos espumosos in DO Valdeorras

A

85% Godello

47
Q

DO Valdeorras: soils and rivers

A

Shallow slate over quartzite / schist (Sil)

48
Q

DO Valdeorras: elevation, rainfall, climate

A

Medium elevation (300-700m)
High-ish rainfall (850-1000 mm/yr)
maritime + continental

49
Q

DO Valdeorras: weather risks

A

Late frosts, hail in spring

50
Q

DO Valdeorras: origin of name

A

Roman, valley of gold
(but WSG lecture by Noah Chichester says it’s Valley of the Gigurri)

51
Q

DO Valdeorras: name and requirements of premium wine labelling

A

Valdeorras Castas Nobles
85%+ preferred varieties

52
Q

Name the subzones of DO Rías Baixas and their adjacent bodies of water

A

Ribeira do Ulla (Ulla river)
Val do Salnés (Umia river)
Soutomaior (Ría de Vigo)
O Rosal (Miño river)
Condado do Tea (Miño river)

53
Q

Superlative for DO Rías Baixas subzone: Ribeira do Ulla

A

Northernmost

54
Q

Superlatives (4) for DO Rías Baixas subzone: Val do Salnés

A

Flattest
Largest
Oldest
Coolest

55
Q

Superlative for DO Rías Baixas subzone: Soutomaior

A

Smallest

56
Q

Superlatives (4) for DO Rías Baixas subzone: Condado do Tea

A

Furthest inland
Most mountainous
Most continental
Warmest

57
Q

Minimum grape varieties for white wine labelled: DO Rías Baixas

A

No restriction

58
Q

Minimum grape varieties for DO Rías Baixas Albariño wine

A

100% Albariño

59
Q

Minimum grape varieties for DO Rías Baixas white wine from Ribeira do Ulla

A

70%+ preferred grapes

(Rías Baixas: Albariño, Loureira/Loureiro Blanco/Marqués, Treixadura, Caíño Blanco)

60
Q

Minimum grape varieties for DO Rías Baixas white wine from Val do Salnés

A

70%+ preferred grapes

(DO Rías Baixas: Albariño, Loureira/Loureiro Blanco/Marqués, Treixadura, Caíño Blanco)

61
Q

Minimum grape varieties for DO Rías Baixas white wine from Soutomaior

A

100% Albariño

62
Q

Minimum grape varieties for DO Rías Baixas white wine from O Rosal

A

70%+ Albariño/Loureira

63
Q

Minimum grape varieties for DO Rías Baixas white wine from Condado do Tea

A

70%+ Albariño/Treixadura

64
Q

Which subzone(s) of DO Rías Baixas have the following minimum required grapes:
70% preferred white grapes (and what are they?)

A

Ribeira do Ulla
Val do Salnés

Albariño
Loureira/Loureiro Blanco/Marqués
Treixadura
Caíño Blanco

65
Q

Which subzone(s) of DO Rías Baixas have the following minimum required grapes:
70% Albariño/Loureira

A

O Rosal

66
Q

Which subzone(s) of DO Rías Baixas have the following minimum required grapes:
70%+ Albariño/Treixadura

A

Condado do Tea

67
Q

Which subzone(s) of DO Rías Baixas have the following minimum required grapes:
100% Albariño

A

Soutomaior

68
Q

If a white wine does not conform to the minimum required grapes for its Rías Baixas subzone, what labelling would be the fallback option?

A

DO Rías Baixas
(no restriction)

69
Q

Origin DO and subzone of Albariño

A

Rías Baixas (Val do Salnés) where it is >50% of the vineyard

70
Q

In DO Rías Baixas, O Rosal, what terrain are vines planted on?

A

Terraces

71
Q

Main exports of Galicia in late 15C

A

wine to New World
vine cuttings to Europe

72
Q

From the Middle Ages to the 18C, which part of Galicia was known for what kind of wine?

A

Ribeiro was known for vino tostado (sweet, fortified, sun/barn-dried) for Camino de Santiago pilgrims

Exported to England as Tostado do Ribeiro in 17-18C

73
Q

In the late 18C to 19C, what disasters befell Galician winemakers?

A

Planting craze for vino tostado turned into a crash (as fashion switched to full dry, red wines from Portugal).
Depopulation, mildew, disease, phylloxera

74
Q

What was planted in Galicia in the early 20C?

A

Low quality hybrids, non-traditional Palomino / Garnacha Tintorera

75
Q

Why was Galicia spared much of the fighting in the Spanish Civil War?

A

The initial coup was successful in Galicia, so it was under Nationalist pro-church control

76
Q

In which decade did Galicia revive local grapes, which three in particular, and assisted by regulation of what?

A

1980s
Albariño, Godello, Mencía
Regulations restricted foreign varieties

77
Q

The Sil river crosses Valdeorras from east to west creating [gentle/steep?] slopes on the left bank and [gentle/steep?] slopes on the right bank.

A

Left (north facing): steep
Right (south facing): gentle

Spanish Wine Scholar (25 decks)

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