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Spanish Wine Scholar > Aragón > Flashcards

Aragón Flashcards

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1
Q

In which years were Ferdinand II (Ferdinand the Catholic):
a) born
b) married to Isabella of Castile
c) joint ruler (Spain except Moorish Granada)
d) co-instigator of Spanish Inquisition
e) king
f) co-instigator of Jewish expulsion
g) died

A

a) born 1452
b) married 1469
c) joint ruler 1474
d) inquisition 1478
e) king 1479
f) expel Jews 1492
g) died 1516

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2
Q

What three major events happened in Spain in 1492?

A

Moorish Granada fell, uniting Spain
Christopher Columbus set sail for Americas
Expulsion of Jews began

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3
Q

In what year did Spain and Portugal agree a division of the new world?

A

1494

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4
Q

Name four of the empires that Ferdinand the Catholic was king of

A

Aragón (as Ferdinand II, 1479-1516)
Castilla y León (as Ferdinand V, 1474-1504)
Naples (as Ferdinand III, 1504-16)
Sicily (as Ferdinand II, 1468-1516)

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5
Q

When were the earliest known populations of Aragón?

A

450kya

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6
Q

When was the earliest evidence of civilisation in Aragón? What it is? Where found?

A

6,500 BCE
Carved bones, ceramic fragments, paintings.
Chaves Cave in Huesca

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7
Q

Evidence of Bronze Age (1700-700 BCE) and Iron Age (700 BCE - 43CE) habitation in Aragón was discovered where?

A

Bajo

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8
Q

Earliest tribes in Aragón after the Iron Age

A

Vascones
Iberians
Celtiberians

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9
Q

In which century were the tribes of the Ebro valley united following the Roman conquest?

A

2C CE

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10
Q

Who ruled Aragón and Navarra for a few centuries each after the Romans declined in 5C?

A

Visigoths
Franks

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11
Q

When did the Moors invade the Ebro valley?

A

714

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12
Q

When did the Caliphate of Córdoba extend to Zaragoza?

A

935

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13
Q

In which century was an exquisite Islamic palace built in Zaragoza, and what is it called?

A

late 11C
Aljafería Palace

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14
Q

Aragón was part of which kingdom up to 11C?

A

Kingdom of Navarra

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15
Q

When the King of Navarra (Sancho III) died in 1035, which son received Aragón?

A

Ramiro I
(oldest son, illegitimate)

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16
Q

Which king of Aragón reclaimed Zaragoza from the Moors and made it the capital? When?

A

Alfonso I
1118

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17
Q

In 12C Aragón wanted help standing up to Castile. Who did they ask for help?

A

Ramon Berenguer IV, the Count of Barcelona

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18
Q

Whose hand in marriage did Aragón promise to Ramon Berenguer IV, when, and in what year did they marry?

A

Petronila, heiress to the Kingdom of Aragón
1137 when she was one year old
1150

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19
Q

When Ramon Berenguer IV married Petronila in 1150, which state did it mainly benefit and why?

A

Catalunya
They continued trading while Aragón fought off Castile

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20
Q

What is the significance of the Monasterio de Nuestra Señora de Piedra? (Monastery of our Lady of Stone)

A

The original Garnacha de Aragón might have been planted there by Cistercian monks in 11-12C

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21
Q

How long did the House of Barcelona rule Aragón, after Ramon married Petronila in 1150?

A

Nearly three centuries

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22
Q

In 1412, who did the Aragonese elect to what position, annoying who?

A

A Castilian prince, Ferdinand of Antequera
To the vacant Aragonese throne
Annoying the Catalans who ruled Aragón

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23
Q

What is the relationship between the Castilian prince Ferdinand of Antequera, elected to the Aragonese throne in 1412, and Ferdinand the Catholic, who married Isabella in 1469?

A

John II of Aragón was a successor to Ferdinand of Antequera. Ferdinand the Catholic was his heir.

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24
Q

Who arranged for Ferdinand and Isabella to marry?

A

John II of Aragón

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25
Q

When did John II of Aragón die, and what happened as a result?

A

1479
The crowns of Aragón and Castile were united under the Kingdom of Castile. Aragón retained autonomy under the fueros

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26
Q

When was a new railway opened between Cariñena and Zaragoza, to ship wine in response to demand abroad?

A

1887

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27
Q

When in the 20C did the late 19C economic growth in Aragón end?

A

1936
End of Second Spanish Republic and Franco’s uprising

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28
Q

When did Aragón become an autonomous community under the Spanish Constitution?

A

1982

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29
Q

When did Aragón gain “historic community” status?

A

2007

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30
Q

Aragón is bordered by?

A

N: France
W: Navarra, La Rioja, Castilla y León
SW: Castilla-La Mancha
SE: Comunidad Valenciana
E: Cataluña

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31
Q

What are Aragón’s three provinces, and their capitals?

A

Provinces and capitals have same names:
Huesca
Zaragoza
Teruel

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32
Q

Capital and largest city of Aragón?

A

Zaragoza 660k >50%

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33
Q

Climate of Aragón

A

Continental

34
Q

Aragón broadly divides into two climatic zones. What are they?

A

Ebro Basin
Mountains

35
Q

Which zone in Aragón has the more continental climate?

A

Ebro Basin

36
Q

Average annual temperature in the two climatic zones of Aragón?

A

Ebro Basin: 14-15ºC
Mountains: 10-12ºC but depends on elevation

37
Q

Average rainfall overall, and in the two climatic zones of Aragón?

A

Aragón: 550 mm
Ebro Basin: up to 400 mm
Mountains: as much as 2,000 mm

38
Q

Four climatic hazards to viticulture in Aragón?

A

Cold NW Cierzo wind
Frost
Drought
Hail

39
Q

Name the mountain ranges that flank Aragón, and their elevations

A

Pirineos 3,000m+
Sistema Ibérico 2,000m+

40
Q

Highest peak of Pirineos

A

Pico de Aneto 3,404 m

41
Q

The Sistema Ibérico separates Aragón from what?

A

Meseta

42
Q

Elevation of Ebro Basin in Aragón

A

150-300 m

43
Q

Name five tributaries to the Ebro in Aragón

A

Jalón
Huerva
Gállego
Martín
Guadelope

44
Q

Aragón has diverse topography. Are the soils similarly diverse?

A

No they are surprisingly similar

45
Q

Soils of Aragón vineyards

A

Limestone and clay dominate.
Surface scree of pebbles, stones, rocks.
Some pockets of slate and granite.

46
Q

Why are both Sardinia and Aragón possible birthplaces of Garnacha? Why is Aragón more likely?

A

The Kingdom of Aragón ruled Sardinia and the S of France in 15C, both longstanding bastions of Garnacha. But Aragón has more clonal variations, and Madrid documents from 1513 mention its historic synonym Aragonés.

47
Q

Why was Garnacha rarely seen outside blends after being replanted in Aragón after phylloxera?

A

Prone to oxidation and ‘rustic’ wines. Winery hygiene needed to improve.

48
Q

What factors led to Garnacha’s success today in Aragón?

A

Winery hygiene
Long-lived vines: old vines produce quality
In 1990s Aragón’s DOP wineries collectively saved their centenarian vines from EU subsidised grubbing up

49
Q

Where generally in Aragón is Garnacha most planted?

A

DOPs south of Ebro river: Calatayud, Campo de Borja, Cariñena.

50
Q

Where in Aragón are international varieties more planted than Garnacha? Which varieties?

A

DO Somontano (northernmost DO).
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay (65%)

51
Q

What are the majority vine training and harvesting techniques in Aragón?

A

en vaso (bush) trained
manual harvest

52
Q

When were the oldest vineyards in Aragón planted?

A

1890

53
Q

Production vessels and wine styles in Aragón for: vinos blancos and rosados?

A

stainless steel
fresh wines to drink young

54
Q

Production vessels and wine styles in Aragón for: vinos tintos?

A

many stainless steel to drink young
some complex barrel-aged

55
Q

What ageing designations are used on labels for vinos tintos in Aragón?

A

The usual: crianza, reserva, gran reserva

56
Q

A wine storage vat found in DO Calatayud dates back to 2C BCE. Which tribe and settlement was it from?

A

Celtiberians
Segeda

57
Q

DO Calatayud is near the foothills of which mountains?

A

Moncayo Massif
(in Sistema Ibérico)

58
Q

DO Calatayud: percentage red plantings? of which percentage Garnacha Tinta?

A

92% red
of which 62% Garnacha Tinta

59
Q

True/false: DO Calatayud reds are typically varietal Garnacha Tinta?

A

True
(deep colour, concentrated, mineral, fresh acidity)

60
Q

DO Calatayud has two ‘old vine’ designations. Names, minimum age of vines, maximum yields (kg/ha), any other restrictions?

A

Vinas Viejas, 35yo, 4,500 kg/ha
Calatayud Superior, 50yo, 3,500 kg/ha and 85%+ Garnacha Tinta

61
Q

DO Campo de Borja (Aragón):
percentage planted to Garnacha Tinta?
oldest vines planted when?
half the vines are how old?
who dominates production?

A

55% Garnacha Tinta
oldest planted 1890
half are 30-50yo
six co-operatives dominate production

62
Q

DO Cariñena is one of Spain’s oldest DOs. What is this wine’s connection with Ferdinand I?

A

Ferdinand I listed it for travel to Nice in 1415

63
Q

DO Cariñena - percentage planted to:
Garnacha Tinta?
Tempranillo?
Cariñena?

A

Garnacha Tinta 32%
Tempranillo 23%
Cariñena 5%

64
Q

Which DO has the most old vines in Spain?

A

DO Cariñena

65
Q

Main training technique in DO Cariñena?

A

en vaso

66
Q

Styles of blanco, rosado, tinto in DO Cariñena?

A

All as young and fresh, some tinto barrel aged

67
Q

Ageing designations used in DO Cariñena?

A

The usual crianza, reserva, gran reserva… and also

Añejo: tinto, min 15% alcohol, intensely oxidative, 24mth+ barrel, no bottle age requirement

68
Q

How did DO Cariñena fare from the Spanish Civil War?

A

Suffered greatly, didn’t recover until 1980s

69
Q

Northernmost DO in Aragón?

A

DO Somontano

70
Q

Wettest and greenest DO in Aragón?

A

DO Somontano

71
Q

DO Somontano in Aragón is in the foothills of which mountains?

A

Pirineos

72
Q

What is unusual (for Aragón) about the grape varieties planted in DO Somontano? How did this happen?

A

Mostly planted to French varieties (especially Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay).
Bordelais settled here after phylloxera.

73
Q

There are 15 authorised grape varieties in DO Somontano in Aragón. How many are indigenous to Spain, with what percentage of plantings?
Bonus: Which are born of the region?

A

7 of the 15 are indigenous to Spain.
17% of plantings.
Local: Moristel, Parraleta, Alcañón

74
Q

In DO Somontano in Aragón, which are generally varietal and which blended: vinos blancos, vinos tintos?

A

Vinos blancos: generally varietal
Vinos tintos: frequently blended

75
Q

In Aragón, what percentage are vinos tintos in each DO?
DO Calatayud
DO Campo de Borja
DO Cariñena
DO Somontano

A

DO Calatayud 91%
DO Campo de Borja 82%
DO Cariñena 89%
DO Somontano 57%

76
Q

In Aragón, which of the four DOs are known for varietal Garnacha Tinta, and which for blended reds?

A

Varietal Garnacha Tinta:
DO Calatayud
DO Campo de Borja
DO Cariñena

Blended reds: DO Somontano

77
Q

In Aragón, which of the four DO soils is not largely limestone? What is it?

A

DO Calatayud
slate

78
Q

Which DO in Aragón is not influenced by the Cierzo wind?

A

DO Calatayud

79
Q

All four DOs in Aragón have a continental climate. Which has another influence, and what is it?

A

DO Somontano is continental with Mediterranean influences

80
Q

Which DO in Aragón has the largest vineyard?

A

DO Cariñena (13,768 ha)

Spanish Wine Scholar (14 decks)

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