Lab-Urinalysis

Question 0

Invokana - disease, how works, side effects

Answer 0

diabetes - blocks reabsorption of glucose in PCT

dehydration - water follows glucose out

Question 1

Urinalysis - pH, color, clarity

Answer 1

pH - some kidney stone formation
color - red/brown could be blood or other
clarity - often bacteria

Question 2

Urinalysis - WBC Esterase, nitrite, protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin/urobilinogen

Answer 2

WBC Esterase, nitrite - bacterial infection
protein - pregnant
glucose, ketones - diabetes
bilirubin/urobilinogen - liver or gall bladder

Question 3

Urinalysis - RBC casts, WBC casts, occult blood, crystals, bacteria

Answer 3

RBC casts  - glomerular damage
WBC casts - upper UTI or  kidney damage
occult blood - red, brown, black - bleeding somewhere, strenuous exercise, menses
crystals - stones
bacteria - kidney or bladder infection

Question 4

urine smell - 4

Answer 4

ketones - fruity, sweet
UTI - pungent
medication, asparagus
bladder fistulas - feces

Question 5

good urinalysis - 2 parts

Answer 5

clean catch method

mid-stream method

Question 6

PCT/DCT internal difference

Answer 6

PCT has microvilli, brush border

Question 7

Trigone

Answer 7

Triangle in bladder of ureteral openings and urethra opening

Question 8

parts of male urethra

Answer 8

prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
spongy urethra

Question 9

Six crystals, tell them apart

Answer 9

Calcium oxalate crystals - letters
Uric acid crystals - diamond shaped, diabetes or gout
RBC Cast - reddish
WBC Cast - white
Triple phosphate crystals - barrel shaped
Cystine crystals - stop signs