Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P 2 > 19-Blood > Flashcards

19-Blood Flashcards

0
Q

Parts of plasma - 3

A

Water 92%
Proteins - 7%
Albumin - 58% of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Parts of blood - 3

A

Plasma - 55%
Erythrocytes - 44%
Platelets and WBC - 1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions of blood - 3

A

Transportation - O2, Nutrients, CO2, wastes
Regulation - pH - bicarbonate, heat, pressure
Protection - clot, WBC for immunity & fight infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pH range of blood

A

7.35 - 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Buffy Coat - other material in blood made of - 2

A

Platelets

Leukocytes - Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hematocrit high/low

A

significant drop is anemia

abnormally high is polycythemia - high BP, stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hematopoiesis occurs places in fetus - 5

A

large amounts yolk sac, liver, bone marrow

small amounts spleen, lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adult bone marrow where, stem cells 3

A

axial skeleton
pluripotent stem produces myeloid and lymphoid stems
Lymphoid produce lymphocytes - B & T cells
Myeloid everything else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Formed elements - 7

A

RBC - Erythrocytes
Platelets - thrombocytes, from megakaryocytes
Basophils - mast cells
monocytes - macrophages
eosinophils
neutrophils - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)
lymphocytes - B, T, NK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

RBC and platelet production - growth factors, where

A

Erythropoietin EPO - increases RBC precursors, kidney

Thrombopoietin TPO - platelets from megakaryocytes, liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

blood grouping component

A

glycolipids and glycoproteins act as antigen on RBC - ABO grouping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hemoglobin makeup 2, carries how much of CO2

A

Globin - 4 polypeptide chains
Heme - non-protein pigment, holds Fe2+ iron ion
carries 23% of CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sickle cell survival benefit

A

heterozygotes (both actually but…) malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blood Buffer

A

Carbonic Anhydrase enzyme CO2+H2O to carbonic acid
Spontaneously to bicarbonate + H+
Acts as buffer, too acidic or too basic
Bicarbonate transports 70% CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Erythropoiesis - 2 precursors, where, process

A

starts in bone marrow
Proerythroblast first precursor, Reticulocyte - lacks nucleus, still has some other components
Hypoxia -> kidneys stimulated to release EPO, speeds development of Proerythroblasts to reticulocytes, raises O2 carrying capacity in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

RBC lifespan, where destroyed by what

A

120 days
spleen, liver, red bone marrow phagocytize
macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

RBC breaks down into - 6

A

iron - transferred to marrow by transferrin
Biliverdin - green
Bilirubin - yellow, released into sm. intestines
Urobilinogen - breakdown of bilirubin in lg. intestines
urobilin - breakdown of urobilinogen, secreted in urine
Stercobilin - breakdown of urobilinogen, excreted in feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

granulocytes -3, and ID

A

Neutrophil - 3-5 lobes of nucleus
Eosinophil - 2 lobes
Basophil - stain prevents seeing nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Agranulocytes - 2

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Leukocytosis

A

fight against infection - good

20
Q

WBC that circulates btw blood, ISF, lymph

A

lymphocytes

21
Q

WBC leaving cardiovascular tree

A

emigration, diapedesis

22
Q

Aglutination

A

clot formed by antigen + antibody

23
Q

Anemia requires 3

A

Lowered RBC, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit

24
normal amounts of WBC in blood 5 + neumonic
``` Never Let My Engine Blow 60% Neutrophils 30% Lymphocytes 6% Monocytes 3% Eosinophils 0% Basophils ```
25
Why is Neutrophil High Low
High: Bacterial Infection Low: Vitamin B12 deficiency
26
Why is Lymphocyte High Low
High: Viral Infection Low: Prolonged illness
27
Why is Monocyte High Low
High: Viral/Fungal infection Low: Bone Marrow Suppression
28
Why is Eosinophil High Low
High: Parasitic Infection Low: Drug Toxicity
29
Why is Basophil High Low
High: Allergic reaction Low: Pregnancy, ovulation
30
Why is Platelet Count High Low
High: Excessive Alcohol intake Low: Large spleen
31
Iron Deficiency Anemia - 4
Bleeding loses RBCs faster than replaced Body does not make enough RBCs Symptoms fatigue, depression, fainting, hair loss, irritability, poor appetite MCV and MCHC will likely be low, RDW may be increased.
32
Hemolytic Disease of Newborn HDN
Rh- mother, first child Rh+ End of pregnancy/Delivery, blood leaks baby to mom Mom's blood develops anti-Rh+ antigens Second fetus Rh+, mom's antibodies cross placenta, agglutination and hemolysis with fetal blood First reaction mostly IgM, large, can't cross blood vessel. Second reaction IgG (memory), small, crosses placenta. Product Rogam prevents HDN.
33
phagocytosis - what, which leukocytes
ingest and dispose of bacteria, dead matter | Neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils
34
chemotaxis
movement of phagocytes following chemical trail
35
how neutrophils destroy pathogens - 3
lysozyme | strong oxidants - h2o2, o2-
36
How Eosinophils work - 2
anti-histamines | effective against parasites
37
how basophils work - 3
leave capillaries at infection release histamine, heparin, serotonin responsible for allergic reactions - hypersensitivity
38
lymphocytes - where, types - 3
majority of existence in lymphoid tissue, lymph, blood | B cells, T cells, NK
39
Platelet development, demise - 2
TPO causes myeloid to megakaryoblast to megakaryocyte splinter to 2000 to 3000 platelets Dead platelets -> macrophages in spleen, liver
40
Hemostasis 3 parts
Smooth muscle constricts blood vessel Platelet plug formation Blood clotting
41
Platelet Plug formation
Platelets stick to vessel collagen fibers - platelet adhesion Due to adhesion, platelets activated, extend appendages to others Platelet release - release granules ADP makes platelets more sticky, platelet aggregation
42
Blood Clotting - 2 pathways, element they produce, 4 factors
2 pathways - extrinsic (tissue trauma), intrinsic (blood trauma) 1972 - clotting factors II, VII, IX, X require vitamin K. Warfarin also makes them not clot. Extrinsic and Intrinsic both produce Prothrombinase enzyme
43
Blood Clotting - pathways to what they produce to work with platelets, and what breaks it down
Prothrombinase catalyses prothrombin +Ca2 -> thrombin -> fibrinogen +Ca2 -> loose fibrin -> stabilized fibrin plasmin breaks down clot, stabilized fibrin, loose fibrin, fibrinogen
44
fibrinolytic system
dissolves small inappropriate clots, clots where repair is done plasminogen built into all clots cleaved to plasmin by some factors
45
Anticoagulants- 5
delay, suppress, or prevent blood clotting Heparin - surgery Warfarin - 1972 aspirin - inhibits vasoconstriction, blocks platelet aggregation streptokinase (strep bacteria), urokinase (in urine)
46
embolus/thrombus
clot in unbroken blood vessel - thrombus | embolus - blood clot, air bubble, fat, debris transported by blood stream
47
ABO, Rh factor
A/B antigen -> A/B blood, A+B -> AB, none -> O A blood develops anti B antibodies, none for AB, both for O A antigen + Anti A antibody agglutination (clump), hemolysis, damage kidneys Rh+ has antigens, Rh- develops antibodies after exposed once

A&P 2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions