27-Acid-Base

Question 1

Water Gain/loss, smallest and largest

Answer 1

Gain: Smallest Metabolic, largest ingested liquids
Loss: Smallest GI Tract, largest kidneys
45-75% total body mass water

Question 2

Water intoxication

Answer 2

Body cells swell, burst
Consume faster than excrete
Poor renal functioning

Question 3

Too low Na, K, Ca

Answer 3

Hyponatremia - Na, Muscular weakness, dizzy, headache, hypotension, tachycardia, shock, mental confusion, stupor, coma
Hypokalemia - muscle fatigue, flaccid paralysis, mental confusion, increased urine output, shallow respiration, flattening of T wave on EKG
Hypocalcemia - numbness and tingling fingers, hyperactive reflexes, muscle cramps, tetany and convulsions, bone fractures

Question 4

Too high Na, K, Ca

Answer 4

Hypernatremia - Na, intense thirst, hypertension, edema, agitations
Hyperkalemia - Irritability, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle weakness
Hypercalcemia - lethargy, weakness, anorexia, nausea, polyuria, itching, bone pain, depression

Question 5

pH balance - 2

Answer 5

Proteins - inside cells

Carbonic acid-bicarbonate - blood, extracellular

Question 6

Acid/Base imbalance

Answer 6

Acidosis, alkalosis - blood above/below 7.35/7.45
Respiratory compensation - metabolic form, compensate with respiration
Renal compensation - Respiratory form, compensate with kidneys

Question 7

Percent body fluid, percent ICF/ECF/ISF

Answer 7

55-60% fluids
2/3 Intracellular, 1/3 extracellular
80% ECF is Interstitial, 20% plasma