28-Female Reproductive

Question 1

Female-Male Homologous Structures - 6

Answer 1

Ovaries-testes, labia majora-scrotum,
Labia minora-spongy urethra, vestibule-intermediate urethra,
Bulb of vestibule-corpus spongiosum penis,
Glans Clitoris-glans penis

Question 2

Parts of female reproductive system - 5

Answer 2

Ovaries - produce ova
Fallopian tubes - route for sperm and fertilized ova to travel
Uterus - site of implantation, growth of fetus
Vagina - receptacle for penis, birth canal
Vulva - external glands

Question 3

Ovaries - produce, held in place by 3

Answer 3

Produce gametes, which develop into mature ova
Broad ligament
Suspensory ligament
Ovarian ligament

Question 4

Ovary - 2 layers, 4 stages of follicle development, 2 post follicle stages

Answer 4

Cortex - follicle development here
Medulla - blood supply, nerves, lymph
Follicles: Primordial, Primary, Secondary, Mature, Ovulation
Post follicle: Corpus Luteum - hormones, Corpus Albicans - scar tissue

Question 5

Primordial Follicle - 5

Answer 5

Primordial germ cells from yolk sac to ovaries
Differentiate to become oogonia, most go through atresia
Rest become Primary oocytes, pause in meiosis 1 until puberty
Oocytes are surrounded by layer of follicular cells - Primordial Follicle
Picture - lots of them together

Question 6

Primary Follicle - 2

Answer 6

Each month FSH/LH start several primordials, one completes
Resulting cell type is Primary Follicle
As Primary grows, glycoprotein layer surrounds oocyte - Zona Pellucida

Question 7

Secondary Follicle - 3

Answer 7

Primary matures into Secondary
Layer of granulosa surrounds zona pellucida - Corona Radiata
Surrounding all this is cavity - Antrum

Question 8

Mature Follicle - 6

Answer 8

Graafian or vesicular follicle
Just before ovulation, diploid completes meiosis 1, unequal haploids
Smaller haploid is 1st polar body
Larger is secondary oocyte, gets most of cytoplasm
Meiosis 2 begins, pauses
Has well defined Antrum

Question 9

Follicular Ovulation - 4

Answer 9

Secondary oocyte expelled into pelvic cavity with corona radiata, normally swept into uterine tube
Sperm penetration triggers meiosis 2 resumption in secondary oocyte
Splits into 2 haploids, larger is ovum, other second polar body
Sperm cell and ovum called zygote

Question 10

Uterine/fallopian tube - 2 uses, 3 parts, end projections

Answer 10

Sperm travels to ovum, oocyte and zygote travels to uterus
Uterus->Isthmus->Ampulla->Infundibulum->ovary, 3 parts of tube
Fimbriae - finger-like projections at ovary end

Question 11

Uterus - 4

Answer 11

Pathway for sperm to follow in route to fertilization
Implantation of zygote
Fetal growth, labor
Source of menstrual flow

Question 12

Uterus external parts - 4

Answer 12

Fundus - domed top (superior)
Body
Cervix - inferior, connects to vagina
Internal/External os - openings in cervix vagina-uterus

Question 13

Uterus layers - 2, 1, 2

Answer 13

Endometrium - stratum functionalis (sloughs off), stratum basalis (creates new functionalis)
Myometrium - coordinates contractions during childbirth
Perimetrium - Anterior, covers vesicouterine pouch, urinary bladder
Posterior, covers rectum and rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)

Question 14

Cervical mucous - changes when/how, plays a role in

Answer 14

Near ovulation, becomes less viscous, more alkaline
Otherwise forms plug
Plays role in capacitation - functional changes sperm must undergo to fertilize secondary oocyte

Question 15

Vagina - 5, including structure at each end

Answer 15

Muscular canal, receptacle for penis during sex
menstrual flow
childbirth
Fornix - surrounds cervix where vagina meets
Hymen - mucous, partially covers vaginal orifice

Question 16

Vulva parts - 10

Answer 16

Mons pubis - cushions pubic symphysis
Labia majora - external lips, adipose and skin, sebaceous and sweat
Labia minora - internal lips, sebaceous glands
Clitoris - stimulation for sex, glans clitoris and prepuce clitoris
Vestibule - area between labia minora
Vaginal orifice
External urethral orifice - anterior to vagina
Skene’s glands, Bartholin’s glands - mucous during sex
Bulb of the vestibule - two elongated tissues either side of vagina

Question 17

Mammary glands external - 2 + 2 muscles + ligament

Answer 17

Nipple
Areola
Suspensory ligament
Pectoralis major and serratus anterior

Question 18

Mammary glands internal - 4 + 2 hormones

Answer 18

Suspensory ligaments
15-20 lobes
lobules
Lobes lead to lactiferous ducts
Milk produced by prolactin, ejected by oxytocin

Question 19

Infant skull - 2 areas

Answer 19

Anterior fontanelle, Posterior fontanelle

Question 20

Placenta - 7

Answer 20

Nutrient uptake, waste elimination, gas exchange
No direct connection to mother’s blood
IgG antibodies cross, confer immunity
But also cause problems blood typing - Rogam
2-3 BPG allows placenta to pick up O2 from mother

Question 21

Stages of labor - 3

Answer 21

Dilation - cervix to 10 cm, hours
Expulsion - baby through birth canal, 10 minutes
Placental - expel placenta, 5-30 minutes