Lab Brain and Cranial Nerves

Question 1

List all 9 structures comprised in the cerebrum.

Answer 1

1. Right and Left Hemisphere
2. Longitudinal fissure
3. Corpus callosum
4. Frontal lobe
   - primary motor cortex
5. Parietal lobe
   - primary somatic sensory cortex)
6. Temporal lobe
   - primary auditory
   - primary olfactory
7. Occipital lobe
   - primary visual area
8. Central sulcus
   - separates frontal and parietal
9. Lateral sulcus
   - separates frontal/parietal from temporal

Question 2

List the 12 optic nerves and their functions.

Answer 2

1. Olfactory: sense of smell
2. Optic: sense of vision
3. oculomotor: motor eye control movement
4. Trochlear: motor nerve to one eye muscle
5. Trigeminal: sensation of cornea, scalp, forehead, face, and teeth
   - motor muscles of mastication
6. Abducens: motor nerve to one eye muscle
7. Facial: motor muscles of facial expressions; taste from 2/3 of tongue
8. Vestibularcochlear: sense of hearing and equilibrium
9. Glossopharyngeal: mostly sensory
   - 1/3 tongue, ear, pharynx
10. Vagus: communicates state of viscera with brain
11. Accessory: motor trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
12. Hypoglossal: motor muscles of the tongue

Question 3

List the structures of the diencephalon.

Answer 3

1. Epithalamus
   - pineal gland
2. Thalamus
   - third ventricle
3. Hypothalamus

Question 4

List the structures of the brain stem and cerebellum.

Answer 4

Brain stem
1. Cerebral aqueduct
2. Superior colliculi
3. Inferior colliculi
4. Cerebral peduncle
5. Pons
- fourth ventricle
6. Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
1. Arbor vitae
2. Cerebellar cortex

Question 5

Identify the structures on the coronal view.

Answer 5

Question 6

List the meninges of the brain.

Answer 6

1. Pia mater
2. Arachnoid mater
3. Dura mater
4. Falx cerebri
5. Tentorium
6. Falx cerebelli

Question 7

List the ventricles of the brain that receive CSF.

Answer 7

1. Lateral ventricle
2. Interventricular foramen
3. Third ventricle
4. Cerebral aqueduct
5. Fourth ventricle
6. Central canal (of spinal cord)
7. Choroid plexus

Question 8

Describe the 5 steps of cerebral spinal fluid circulation.

Answer 8

1. CSF produced in choroid plexus in lateral ventricles
   - goes through interventricular formania into third ventricle
2. CSF flows through cerebral aqueduct into fourth ventricle
3. CSF flows into subarachnoid space by passing through lateral and median aperture
   - median aperture: central canal of spinal cord
   - lateral aperture: subarachnoid space
4. Most CSF directed upwards, some pass around spinal cord
5. excess CSF flows into subarachnoid villi, drains to dural venous senses, taken back to heart

Question 9

Identify the structures of the posterior view of the sheep brain.

Answer 9

Question 10

Identify the structures of the superior view.

Answer 10

Question 11

Identify the cranial nerves and structures with the dura mater.

Answer 11

Question 12

Identify the nerves and structures with no dura mater.

Answer 12

Question 13

Identify the structures of the brain.

Answer 13