Chapter 22: Heart Flashcards
The cardiovascular system is composed of what 5 things?
- heart
- blood vessels
- artery
- vein
- capillaries
Do arteries carry blood away or towards the heart?
arteries = away
Capillaries are the site of ____ exchange.
gas
The heart has two sides. Distinguish which side receives deoxygenated blood and which side receives oxygenated blood.
Right side: receives deoxygenated blood
- pumps blood to the lungs
Left side: receives oxygenated blood
- pumps blood to the body
Once the atria receives blood where does it get sent to?
The ventricles
Veins pump blood towards or away from the heart?
Towards
Describe deoxygenated blood being pumped out of the heart to the lungs in 3 steps.
- enters right atria
- enters right ventricle
- goes to lungs
Describe oxygenated blood being pumped from the lungs to the body in 3 steps.
- enters left atrium
- enters left ventricle
- goes to body
List the 4 great vessels.
- Pulmonary artery: from right ventricle
- Aorta: from left ventricle
- Superior and Inferior vena cava: drain deoxygenated blood into right atrium
- Pulmonary veins: drains oxygenated blood into left atrium
Describe how blood flows through the heart through veins and arteries.
- deoxygenated blood from the body enters superior and inferior vena cava
- enters right atrium and then the right ventricle - goes to the pulmonary trunk out to the lungs
- oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the pulmonary veins
- enters left atrium and then left ventricle - blood exits through the aorta to the rest of the body
List the 2 types of heart valves.
- AV valves
- right AV valve (tricuspid)
- left AV valve (bicuspid) - Semilunar valve
- pulmonary semilunar valve
- aortic semilunar valve
Describe the unidirectional flow of blood through the heart valves.
- deoxygenated blood enters right atrium, blood enters right ventricle through the right AV valve
- from right ventricle, blood enters pulmonary truck through pulmonary semilunar valve
- oxygenated blood enters left atrium, enters left ventricle through left AV valve
- from left ventricle, blood enters the aorta through the aortic semilunar valve
In pulmonary circulation, at the lungs blood picks up oxygen and releases ….
Carbon dioxide
In systemic circulation, blood exchanges …..
gases, nutrients, and wastes
List the basic pattern of blood flow in 4 steps and where gas exchange occurs.
- Right side of the heart (deoxygenated blood)
- Lungs (gas exchange)
- Left side of the heart (oxygenated blood)
- Systemic cells (gas exchange)
The apex of the heart is also known as:
A. right atrium
B. left atrium
C. right ventricle
D. left ventricle
D. left ventricle
What is the purpose of the pericardium?
Restricts heart movement in the thorax
Identify the layers of the pericardium.
- fibrous pericardium
- serous pericardium (parietal layer)
- pericardial cavity (potential space)
- serous pericardium (visceral layer)
Label the layers of the heart wall from superficial to deep.
- Epicardium (visceral layer of serous pericardium)
- Myocardium
- Endocardium
Identify the 12 parts of the heart.
- Superior and inferior vena cava
- Right atria
- Right AV valve
- Right ventricle
- Pulmonary semilunar valve
- Pulmonary trunk
- Pulmonary vein
- Left atrium
- Left AV valve
- Left ventricle
- Aortic semilunar valve
- Aorta
The AV valves open when the ventricles:
A. relax
B. contract
B. contract
Which two structures on the heart prevent inverting into the atria?
- papillary muscle
- chordae tendineae
The semilunar valves prevent backflow to:
A. ventricles
B. atria
A. ventricles
What quality of blood vessels allows arterial pressure to be greater than ventricular pressure?
Elasticity
Identify the semilunar valves.
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Aortic semilunar valve
The fibrous skeleton is composed of what type of connective tissue?
Dense regular, fibrous
List the functions of the skeleton of the heart.
- Anchor heart valves
- Electrical insulation
- Framework for attachment of cardiac muscle cells
List the waves of the cardiac cycle in order.
- P wave
- Q wave
- R wave
- S wave
- T wave
What are the major events of the cardiac cycle in relation to the waves?
P wave
- initiates atrial contraction (systole)
- AV valves open
Atrial plateau
QRS wave
- ends plateau (Q)
- initiates ventricular depolarization (R)
- initiates ventricular contraction (systole)
Ventricular plateau
T wave
- ventricular repolarization
- semilunar valves open
What microscopic structure of the cardiac muscle is not present compared to skeletal muscle?
No terminal cisternae in cardiac muscle
List the structures of the conducting system in the heart that propagates the action potential.
- SA node (pacemaker)
- AV node
- Left and right bundle of His
- Perkinjie fibers
