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Anatomy > Chapter 27: Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 27: Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

List the 6 functions of the urinary system.

A
  1. Removal of waste products from the bloodstream (produces urine)
  2. Regulation of ion secretions (Na+, K+, Ca2+)
  3. Storage and excretion of urine
  4. Blood volume regulation (blood pressure)
  5. Regulation of erythrocyte production
  6. Formation of calcitriol (increase Ca2+ levels in blood)
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2
Q

Name the four components of the urinary system.

A
  1. Kidneys: filter blood
  2. Ureters: transport urine
  3. Urinary bladder: stores urine
  4. Urethra: eliminates urine from body
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3
Q

Is the right or left kidney lower due to the liver?

A

Right kidney

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4
Q

Identify the sectional anatomy of the kidney.

A
  • Renal cortex
  • Renal medulla
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5
Q

Identify the structures of the kidney.

A
  1. renal columns
  2. renal pyramids (8-15)
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6
Q

Identify the structure of the kidney.

A
  1. minor calyx (contains nephrons)
  2. major calyx
  3. renal pelvis (leads to ureter)
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7
Q

List the 12 steps the blood flows through the kidneys.

A
  1. renal artery
  2. segmental artery
  3. interlobar artery
  4. arcuate artery
  5. interlobular artery
  6. afferent arteriole
  7. glomerulus
  8. efferent arterioles (peritubular capillaries, vasa recta)
  9. Interlobular vein
  10. Arcuate vein
  11. Interlobar vein
  12. Renal vein
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8
Q

What is the functional filtration unit of the kidney?

A

the nephron

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9
Q

Identify the following arteries.

A
  1. glomerulus
  2. afferent arterioles
  3. efferent arterioles
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10
Q

Name and describe where each of these arterioles lead to?

A
  1. afferent arterioles
    - glomerulus
  2. interlobular arteries
    - afferent arterioles
  3. glomerulus
    - efferent arterioles
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11
Q

Identify the capillaries and structures.

A
  1. peritubular capillaries
  2. vasa recta
  3. vasa recta
  4. Nephron loop
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12
Q

Where is the nephron contained in?

A

renal corpuscle

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13
Q

What are the two structures of the renal corpuscle.

A
  1. glomerular capsule
  2. glomerulus
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14
Q

Within the nephron structures, identify the different fluids.

A

Glomerulus: filtrate

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT): tubular fluid
-glucose absorbed back

Nephron loop
- salt absorbed

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
- water reabsorbed

Collecting duct: urine

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15
Q

What are these two types of nephrons and their qualities?

A
  1. cortical nephrons
    - short nephron loop
    - mainly in cortex
  2. juxtamendullary nephrons
    - long nephron loop
    - diluting urine
    - faster filtration rate
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16
Q

What is the function of the nephrons?

A
  • filtration (glomerulus filter out blood)
  • tubular reabsorption (return to blood in peritubular capillaries and vasa recta)
  • tubular secretion (move into tubular fluid)
17
Q

List the 3 steps of urine formation.

A
  • glomerular filtration
  • tubular reabsorption
  • tubular secretion
18
Q

Describe what substance is being moved/where during the formation of urine at each stage.

A
  1. Glomerular filtration: blood comes in from afferent arteriole and enters the glomerulus into the capsular space
    - filtrate
  2. Tubular reabsorption: movement of substances from tubular fluid back to blood
    - tubular fluids
    - Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
    - Nephron loop
  3. Tubular secretion: movement of substances from blood into the tubular fluid
    - Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
    - Collecting duct
    - urine
19
Q

What is the main job of the renal corpuscle and the specific solutes involved?

A
  • Filtrate (water, glucose, amino acids, ions)
20
Q

What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule and the specific ions involved?

A
  • Reabsorption with tubular fluid
  • Nutrients (glucose, amino acids)
  • Ions (Na+)
  • water
  • vitamins
21
Q

What is the function of the nephron loop and the specific ions involved?

A

Re-absorption
- Ions (Na+, Cl-)
- Water

22
Q

What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule and the specific ions involved?

A
  • Secretion
  • Ions (H+, K+)
  • Selective Re-absorption (peritubular capillaries)
  • Ions (Ca2+, Na+)
23
Q

What is the function of the collecting duct?

A

Respond to dehydration

24
Q

Describe the pathway of urine from the distal convoluted tubule to the ureter.

A

Distal convoluted tubule > collecting tubules > papillary ducts > renal papilla > minor calyx > major calyx > renal pelvis > ureter

25
Q

Identify the two cell types of the Juxtraglomerular apparatus.

A

Justaglomerular cells
- smooth muscle
- changes blood and pressure
- creates renin

Macula densa
- epithelial cells
- monitor ions
- signal granular cells to release renin

26
Q

What are the structures the urinary tract is comprised of?

A
  1. ureters
  2. Urinary bladder
  3. Urethra
27
Q

What type of cells are in ureters.

A

Transitional epithilium

28
Q

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

A

Urine reservior

29
Q

What 3 things make up the trigone?

A
  • Opening of ureter (left)
  • Opening of ureter (right)
  • urethra orifice
30
Q

Identify the sphincter and muscle type.

A

Internal sphincter (involuntary)
- smooth muscle
External sphincter (voluntary)
- skeletal muscle

31
Q

Is the male or female urethra shorter?

A

Female (close to anus)

32
Q

T/F. The male urethra is a passageway for urine and semen

A

True

33
Q

What type of tissue makes up the prostate?

A

Transitional epithilium

34
Q

Which urethra is the strongest and contains the penis?

A

spongy urethra

35
Q

Label the kidney.

A
  1. Renal cortex
  2. Renal medulla
  3. corticomedullary junction
  4. renal column
  5. renal lobe
  6. renal pyramid
  7. renal papilla
36
Q

Label the kidney.

A
  1. Segmental artery
  2. renal artery
  3. renal vein
  4. interlobar artery
  5. arcuate artery
  6. interlobar artery
  7. Interlobar vein
  8. Arcuate vein
  9. Interlobar vein
37
Q

Label the renal corpuscle.

A
  1. Tubular pole
  2. Glomerular capsule
  3. Glomerulus
  4. Capsular space
  5. Efferent arteriole
  6. Afferent arteriole
38
Q

Label the nephron.

A
  1. DCT
  2. Efferent arteriole
  3. Afferent arteriole
  4. Ascending nephron loop
  5. Descending nephron loop
  6. Renal corpuscle
  7. PCT
  8. Peritubular capillaries
  9. Vasa recta
  10. Collecting duct

Anatomy (20 decks)

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