Chapter 27: Urinary System Flashcards
List the 6 functions of the urinary system.
- Removal of waste products from the bloodstream (produces urine)
- Regulation of ion secretions (Na+, K+, Ca2+)
- Storage and excretion of urine
- Blood volume regulation (blood pressure)
- Regulation of erythrocyte production
- Formation of calcitriol (increase Ca2+ levels in blood)
Name the four components of the urinary system.
- Kidneys: filter blood
- Ureters: transport urine
- Urinary bladder: stores urine
- Urethra: eliminates urine from body
Is the right or left kidney lower due to the liver?
Right kidney
Identify the sectional anatomy of the kidney.
- Renal cortex
- Renal medulla
Identify the structures of the kidney.
- renal columns
- renal pyramids (8-15)
Identify the structure of the kidney.
- minor calyx (contains nephrons)
- major calyx
- renal pelvis (leads to ureter)
List the 12 steps the blood flows through the kidneys.
- renal artery
- segmental artery
- interlobar artery
- arcuate artery
- interlobular artery
- afferent arteriole
- glomerulus
- efferent arterioles (peritubular capillaries, vasa recta)
- Interlobular vein
- Arcuate vein
- Interlobar vein
- Renal vein
What is the functional filtration unit of the kidney?
the nephron
Identify the following arteries.
- glomerulus
- afferent arterioles
- efferent arterioles
Name and describe where each of these arterioles lead to?
- afferent arterioles
- glomerulus - interlobular arteries
- afferent arterioles - glomerulus
- efferent arterioles
Identify the capillaries and structures.
- peritubular capillaries
- vasa recta
- vasa recta
- Nephron loop
Where is the nephron contained in?
renal corpuscle
What are the two structures of the renal corpuscle.
- glomerular capsule
- glomerulus
Within the nephron structures, identify the different fluids.
Glomerulus: filtrate
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT): tubular fluid
-glucose absorbed back
Nephron loop
- salt absorbed
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
- water reabsorbed
Collecting duct: urine
What are these two types of nephrons and their qualities?
- cortical nephrons
- short nephron loop
- mainly in cortex - juxtamendullary nephrons
- long nephron loop
- diluting urine
- faster filtration rate
What is the function of the nephrons?
- filtration (glomerulus filter out blood)
- tubular reabsorption (return to blood in peritubular capillaries and vasa recta)
- tubular secretion (move into tubular fluid)
List the 3 steps of urine formation.
- glomerular filtration
- tubular reabsorption
- tubular secretion
Describe what substance is being moved/where during the formation of urine at each stage.
- Glomerular filtration: blood comes in from afferent arteriole and enters the glomerulus into the capsular space
- filtrate - Tubular reabsorption: movement of substances from tubular fluid back to blood
- tubular fluids
- Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
- Nephron loop - Tubular secretion: movement of substances from blood into the tubular fluid
- Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
- Collecting duct
- urine
What is the main job of the renal corpuscle and the specific solutes involved?
- Filtrate (water, glucose, amino acids, ions)
What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule and the specific ions involved?
- Reabsorption with tubular fluid
- Nutrients (glucose, amino acids)
- Ions (Na+)
- water
- vitamins
What is the function of the nephron loop and the specific ions involved?
Re-absorption
- Ions (Na+, Cl-)
- Water
What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule and the specific ions involved?
- Secretion
- Ions (H+, K+)
- Selective Re-absorption (peritubular capillaries)
- Ions (Ca2+, Na+)
What is the function of the collecting duct?
Respond to dehydration
Describe the pathway of urine from the distal convoluted tubule to the ureter.
Distal convoluted tubule > collecting tubules > papillary ducts > renal papilla > minor calyx > major calyx > renal pelvis > ureter
Identify the two cell types of the Juxtraglomerular apparatus.
Justaglomerular cells
- smooth muscle
- changes blood and pressure
- creates renin
Macula densa
- epithelial cells
- monitor ions
- signal granular cells to release renin
What are the structures the urinary tract is comprised of?
- ureters
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra
What type of cells are in ureters.
Transitional epithilium
What is the function of the urinary bladder?
Urine reservior
What 3 things make up the trigone?
- Opening of ureter (left)
- Opening of ureter (right)
- urethra orifice
Identify the sphincter and muscle type.
Internal sphincter (involuntary)
- smooth muscle
External sphincter (voluntary)
- skeletal muscle
Is the male or female urethra shorter?
Female (close to anus)
T/F. The male urethra is a passageway for urine and semen
True
What type of tissue makes up the prostate?
Transitional epithilium
Which urethra is the strongest and contains the penis?
spongy urethra
Label the kidney.
- Renal cortex
- Renal medulla
- corticomedullary junction
- renal column
- renal lobe
- renal pyramid
- renal papilla
Label the kidney.
- Segmental artery
- renal artery
- renal vein
- interlobar artery
- arcuate artery
- interlobar artery
- Interlobar vein
- Arcuate vein
- Interlobar vein
Label the renal corpuscle.
- Tubular pole
- Glomerular capsule
- Glomerulus
- Capsular space
- Efferent arteriole
- Afferent arteriole
Label the nephron.
- DCT
- Efferent arteriole
- Afferent arteriole
- Ascending nephron loop
- Descending nephron loop
- Renal corpuscle
- PCT
- Peritubular capillaries
- Vasa recta
- Collecting duct
