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Anatomy > Chapter 4: Tissue Level of Organization > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Tissue Level of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

What is a group of cells performing similar functions?

A

Tissues

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2
Q

What is the study of tissues?

A

Histology

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3
Q

List the four types of tissues in the body and their purpose.

A
  1. Epithelial
    - covers, lines, glands
  2. Connective
    - binds, supports, ECM
  3. Muscle
    - movement
  4. Nervous
    - communication
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4
Q

In the epithelium, what are the 3 surface layers in order?

A

Apical, lateral, basal

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5
Q

T/F. The epithelial layer has blood vessels, while the connective tissue does not.

A

False. The epithelial layer has no blood vessels, while the connective tissue does.

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6
Q

The basement membrane attaches to which tissue?

A

Connective Tissue

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7
Q

Attachment, Avascularity, and Innervation are all characteristics of which tissue?

A

Epithelial Tissue

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8
Q

List characteristics of the epithelial tissue.

A
  • physical protection
  • selective permeability
  • secretions
  • sensations
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9
Q

Which two ways is epithelia classified?

A
  1. Number of layers
  2. Shape of cells
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10
Q

How many cell layers are in simple epithelium vs. stratified epithelium?

A

Simple: single layer

Stratified: 2+ layers

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11
Q

Which epithelium consists of all cells at the basement membrane?

A

Pseudostratified

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12
Q

What are the 3 epithelial cell shapes and their characteristics?

A
  1. Squamous: flat, wide, nucleus flat
  2. Cuboidal: tall as wide, nucleus center, “cube”
  3. Columnar: taller than wide, nucleus basal, “column”
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13
Q

Identify the cell structure, function, and location.

A

Structure: simple squamous

Function: rapid diffusion

Location: alveoli (gas exchange), capillaries, visceral layer

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14
Q

Identify the cell structure, function, and location.

A

Structure: cuboidal

Function: absorption, secretion

Location: thyroid, kidneys, glands

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15
Q

Identify the cell structure, function, and location.

A

Structure: nonciliated simple columnar with microvilli

Function: absorption

Location: digestive tract

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16
Q

Identify the cell structure, function, and location.

A

Structure: ciliated simple columnar

Function: movement of mucus, oocyte

Location: bronchioles, uterine tube

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17
Q

Identify the cell structure, function, and location.

A

Structure: ciliated pseudostratified columnar

Function: movement

Location: respiratory tract

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18
Q

Identify the cell structure, function, and location.

A

Structure: nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Function: protect against abrasion

Location: inside the body

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19
Q

Identify the cell structure, function, and location.

A

Structure: keratinized stratified squamous

Function: protection against abrasion

Location: outside of the body

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20
Q

Identify the cell structure, function, and location.

A

Structure: stratified cuboidal

Location: absorption, secretion

Function: sweat glands

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21
Q

Identify the cell structure, function, and location.

A

Structure: stratified columnar

Function: secretion

Location: salivary glands, part of male urethra

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22
Q

Identify the cell structure, function, and location.

A

Structure: transitional (relaxed= cuboidal, stretched= squamous)

Function: distention

Location: ureters, bladder, part of male urethra

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23
Q

What is the function of squamous cells primarily?

A

Rapid diffusion

24
Q

What is the primary function of cuboidal cells?

A

Absorption and secretion

25
Q

What is the primary function of columnar cells?

A

Absorption and secretion

26
Q

Do keratinized cells protect the outside of the body or inside of the body?

A

Outside of the body

27
Q

Osteo means:

28
Q

Adipo means:

29
Q

Fibro means:

30
Q

Chondro means:

31
Q

Peri means:

32
Q

Blast means:

A

Builds, creates

33
Q

Clast:

34
Q

What structure(s) does connective tissue have that epithelial tissue does not?

A

Extracellular matrix, blood vessels

35
Q

List the three fibers of connective tissue.

A
  1. Collagen (flexible, resistant to stretching, most abundant)
  2. Elastic (stretch and recoil)
  3. Reticular (thin, packaging)
36
Q

Which are the types of connective tissue proper (loose)?

A
  1. Alveolar
  2. Adipose
  3. Reticular
37
Q

Identify this type of connective tissue’s structure, cell type, fiber type, function, location.

A

Structure: alveolar

Cell type(s): fibroblasts

Fiber(s): elastic, collagen

Function: packing and attachment

Location: subcutaneous skin, surrounds individual nerve and muscle cells, outer layer of blood vessels

38
Q

Identify this type of connective tissue’s structure, cell type, fiber type, function, location.

A

Structure: adipose

Cell type(s): adipocyte

Fiber(s):

Function: cushioning of organs, thermal insulation, long-term storage energy

Location: subcutaneous skin, surrounds kidney

39
Q

Identify this type of connective tissue’s structure, cell type, fiber type, function, location.

A

Structure: Reticular

Cell type(s): leukocyte

Fiber(s): reticular

Function: packing and attachment

Location: subcutaneous skin, surrounds individual nerve and muscle cells, outer layer of blood vessels

40
Q

Which are the types of connective tissue proper (dense)?

A
  1. Dense regular
  2. Dense irregular
  3. Elastic
41
Q

Identify this connective tissue. List the cell(s), fiber(s), function, and location.

A

Structure: dense regular

Cell(s): fibroblasts

Fiber(s): collagen

Function: strength, flexible in single direction (parallel)

Location: tendons, ligaments

42
Q

Identify this connective tissue. List the cell(s), fiber(s), function, and location.

A

Structure: dense irregular

Cell(s): fibroblasts

Fiber(s): collagen

Function: strength in many directions

Location: dermis, capsules around organs, outer layer of nerves and muscles

43
Q

Which are the types of supportive connective tissue in cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. Fibrocartilage
  3. Elastic
44
Q

Identify this cartilage tissue. List the cell(s), fiber(s), function, and location.

A

Structure: Hyaline

Cell(s): chondrocytes

Fiber(s):

Function: smooth surface, supports soft tissue

Location: fetal skeleton, articular cartilage, nose/trachea

45
Q

Identify this cartilage tissue. List the cell(s), fiber(s), function, and location.

A

Structure: Fibrocartilage

Cell(s): chondrocytes

Fiber(s): collagen

Function: resist compression

Location: intervertebral discs, pubic symphyses, menisci

46
Q

Identify this cartilage tissue. List the cell(s), fiber(s), function, and location.

A

Structure: Elastic

Cell(s): chondrocytes

Fiber(s): elastic

Function: structure and shape with flexibility

Location: ear, epiglottis

47
Q

Which are the types of supportive connective tissue in bone?

A
  1. Compact
  2. Spongy
48
Q

Identify this bone tissue. List the cell(s), fiber(s), function, and location.

A

Structure: compact bone (osteons, lamellae)

Cell(s):

Fiber(s):

Function: support, protection, levers for skeletal muscle, calcium storage

Location: bones

49
Q

Identify this bone tissue. List the function and location.

A

Structure: spongy bone (bone marrow)

Function: compact bone, hemopoiesis

Location: middle layer of flat bones, inner layer of long bones

50
Q

Which type of connective tissue is blood?

A

Fluid connective tissue

51
Q

What does the fluid connective tissue consist of?

A

Plasma (ECM), Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets

52
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Cardiac
  3. Smooth
53
Q

Identify this muscle tissue. List the function and location.

A

Structure: skeletal (striated, nucleated, long)

Function: movement of skeleton or skin

Location: attached to bones (some skin)

54
Q

Identify this muscle tissue. List the function and location.

A

Structure: cardiac (y-shaped, striated, intercalated discs)

Function: heartbeat

Location: myocardium

55
Q

Identify this muscle tissue. List the function and location.

A

Structure: smooth (non-striated)

Function: movement of food, blood, sperm

Location: walls of internal organs

56
Q

Identify this tissue. List its function and location.

A

Structure: nervous tissue (neurons, glial cells)

Function: communication, receiving incoming sensory, controls motor movements

Location: brain, spinal cord, nerves

Anatomy (20 decks)

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