Chapter 21: Blood Flashcards
What are the 3 functions of blood in the body?
- Transportation : gas, nutrients, waste, and hormones
- Regulation: body temperature, pH, and fluid volume
- Protection: immune system response, blood clotting
Hematocrit is the percentage of ….?
Formed elements (RBCs and buffy coat)
What percentage of plasma, erythrocytes, and the buffy coat composes whole blood?
- 55% of whole blood is plasma
- 44% of whole blood is RBCs
- <1% is platelets and leukocytes
Which sex typically contains a higher hematocrit percentage?
Males (42-56%)
Plasma is composed of which proteins and what are their functions?
- albumins (osmosis)
- globulins (transport)
- fibrinogen
(clotting) - regulatory
(enzymes, hormones)
Hemopoiesis is:
the production of formed elements
List the three formed elements in hemopoiesis.
- Erythropoiesis
- erythrocytes life span of 120 days - Leukopoiesis
- leukocytes life span of 12 hours - Thrombopoiesis
- platelets life span of 8-10 days
List the characteristics of RBCs. (shape, nucleus, size, function)
Shape: biconcave discs
Size: relatively small (7.5 micrometers)
Nucleus: no nuclues
Function: transport oxygen and carbon dioxide (hemoglobin)
How many heme groups are on one hemoglobin molecule?
4 heme groups (iron Fe2+)
Describe the structure of hemoglobin.
- 4 globulin chains (2 alpha, 2 beta): attracts CO2
- 4 heme groups (iron in center)
- 4 Fe2+ ions: attracts oxygen)
Erythrocytes form in:
A. bone marrow
B. epithelial layer
C. the liver and spleen
A. bone marrow
Describe the erythrocyte life cycle.
- Erythrocyes formed in the bone marrow
- Erythrocytes circulate in bloodstream for 120 days
- Aged erythrocytes are phagocytized in the liver and spleen
- Heme components of blood are recycled
- bilirubin > bile > liver
- iron storage > liver - Erythrocyte membrane proteins are broken down into amino acids
(back to step 1)
List the antigen and antibodies present on each blood type.
Type A
- antigen A
- anti B antibody
Type B
- antigen B
- anti A antibody
Type AB
- antigen A and B
- no antibody
Type O
- no antigen
- anti A and anti B antibody
Erythrocyte agglutination occurs is someone receives _____ blood transfusion.
A. compatible
B. incompatible
B. incompatible
In agglutination, recipient’s ____ bind to donor erythrocytes and causes them (donor’s) to clump together.
A. antibodies
B. antigens
C. leukocytes
A. antibodies
What is the function of leukocytes in the blood?
- Immune response
- defend against pathogens
List the 5 types of leukocytes and their function.
- Neutrophil: multilobed nucelus
- phagocytize bacteria - Eosinophils: bilobed nucleus, red granules
- phagocytize allergens or antigen-antibody - Basophils: bilobed nucleus, blue/violet granules
- release histamine during inflammation - Lymphocytes: huge nucleus
- produce (B-cells) antibodies
- Attack antigens (T-cells)
- Attack abnormal (NK) cells - Monocytes: kidney shaped nucleus
- become macrophage and phagocytize pathogens, cellular debris, dead cells
Arrange the leukocytes in ascending abundance.
Neutrophils > Lymphocytes > Monocytes > Eosinophils > Basophils
Identify these WBCs.
- Neutrophil
- Lymphocyte
- Monocyte
- Eosinophil
- Basophil
Platelets originate from breaking off of which cell membrane?
A. erythrocytes
B. thrombocytes
C. megakaryocytes
C. megakaryocytes