Chapter 9: Articulations Flashcards
What are the three functional classifications of joints?
- synarthrosis: immobile joint
- amphiarthrosis: slightly mobile joint
- diarthrosis: freely mobile joint
What are the three structural classifications of joints?
- fibrous: dense regular connective tissue
- cartilaginous: cartilage
- synovial: fluid-filled joint cavity
List the three specific types of fibrous joints.
- Gomphoses
- Sutures
- Syndesmoses
What kind of mobility do fibrous joints have?
- mostly immobile or slightly mobile
Gomphoses: List the structural classification, functional classification, and location.
Structural: fibrous
Function: synarthrosis
Location: teeth with sockets of mandible with maxillae
Sutures: List the structural classification, functional classification, and location.
Structural: fibrous
Function: synarthrosis
Location: between some skull bones
Syndesmosis: List the structural classification, functional classification, and location.
Structural: fibrous “velcro”
Function: amphiarthroses
Location: between radius/ulna and tibia/fibula
What are the two specific types of cartilaginous joints?
- Synchondroses
- Symphyses
Syndchondroses: List the structural classification, functional classification, and location.
Structural: cartilaginous (hyaline)
Function: synarthorosis
Location: between FIRST rib and sternum, epiphyseal plate
Symphases: List the structural classification, functional classification, and location.
Structural: cartilaginous (fibrocartilage)
Function: amphiarthroses
Location: intervertebral discs, menisci, pelvic symphysis
For synovial joints does stability increase or decrease as mobility increases or decreases?
stability increases, mobility decreases
In a synovial joint structure what type of cartilage is located on the epiphysis?
Articular (hyaline)
What is the outer and inner layer of the articular capsule?
Outer: Ligament and fibrous layer
Inner: Synovial membrane, synovial fluid
What is synovial fluid?
- viscous oily fluid that fills the joint cavity
List the three functions of synovial fluid.
- Lubrication
- Nourish articular due to no perichondrium present
- Shock absorption
List all the angular movements of synovial joints.
- flexion
- extension
- hyperextension
- abduction
- adduction
- circumduction
List all the rotational movements of synovial joints.
- pronation
- supination
List all the special movements of synovial joints.
- depression
- elevation
- protraction
- retraction
- dorsiflexion
- plantar flexion
- inversion
- eversion
- opposition
Does flexion or extension increase the angle between bones?
Extension
Is abduction or adduction the movement away from the midline?
Abduction
Is medial or lateral rotation away from the midline?
Lateral
The medial rotation of the forearm is pronation or supination?
Pronation
What is the difference between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?
Dorsiflexion: pointing the toes upward
Plantar flexion: pointing the toes downward
Turning the sole of the foot medially (in) is inversion or eversion?
Inversion
List the three types of synovial joints.
- Pivot: cervical vertebrae
- Hinge: elbow/knee
- Ball and socket: shoulder/hips
What kind of synovial joint is this, what movement does it permit?
Pivot joint; rotation
What kind of synovial joint is this, what movement does it permit?
Hinge joint; permits flexion and extension
What kind of synovial joint is this, what movement does it permit?
Ball and socket joint; permits all possible movement
Name this joint and type.
TMJ- hinge joint
Name this joint and type.
Glenohumeral- ball and socket
In the coxal joint, which 3 ligaments are involved?
- iliofemoral
- ischiofemoral
- pubofemoral
Which joint is the largest and most complex with a diarthrotic hinge?
Knee joint
On the anterior surface of the knee how many quads are present, what bone is embedded in these tendons?
4 quadriceps; patella embedded
Identify this knee ligament and what movement it prevents.
Tibial (medial) collateral ligament: MCL
- prevents abduction
Identify this knee ligament and what movement it prevents.
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament: LCL
- prevents adduction
Identify this knee ligament and what movement it prevents.
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- prevents hyperextension
Identify this knee ligament and what movement it prevents.
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
- prevents hyperflexion
Identify this knee ligament and the tissue type/purpose.
Lateral and Medial meniscus
- fibrocartilage (resists compression)
- stabilizes knee
Which ligaments are being torn in the highlighted regions?
Yellow: anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Blue: Medical meniscus
Purple: Medical collateral ligament (MCL)
Label (A-B) on the anterior image view.
A. Tibia
B. Fibula
A1. Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
A2. Medial meniscus
A3. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
A4. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
B1. Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
B2. Lateral meniscus
Label (A-B) on the posterior image view.
A. Tibia
B. Fibula
C. Femur
A1. Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
A2. Medial meniscus
A3. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
A4. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
B1. Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
B2. Lateral meniscus
