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Anatomy > Chapter 9: Articulations > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functional classifications of joints?

A
  1. synarthrosis: immobile joint
  2. amphiarthrosis: slightly mobile joint
  3. diarthrosis: freely mobile joint
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2
Q

What are the three structural classifications of joints?

A
  1. fibrous: dense regular connective tissue
  2. cartilaginous: cartilage
  3. synovial: fluid-filled joint cavity
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3
Q

List the three specific types of fibrous joints.

A
  1. Gomphoses
  2. Sutures
  3. Syndesmoses
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4
Q

What kind of mobility do fibrous joints have?

A
  • mostly immobile or slightly mobile
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5
Q

Gomphoses: List the structural classification, functional classification, and location.

A

Structural: fibrous
Function: synarthrosis
Location: teeth with sockets of mandible with maxillae

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6
Q

Sutures: List the structural classification, functional classification, and location.

A

Structural: fibrous
Function: synarthrosis
Location: between some skull bones

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7
Q

Syndesmosis: List the structural classification, functional classification, and location.

A

Structural: fibrous “velcro”
Function: amphiarthroses
Location: between radius/ulna and tibia/fibula

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8
Q

What are the two specific types of cartilaginous joints?

A
  1. Synchondroses
  2. Symphyses
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9
Q

Syndchondroses: List the structural classification, functional classification, and location.

A

Structural: cartilaginous (hyaline)
Function: synarthorosis
Location: between FIRST rib and sternum, epiphyseal plate

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10
Q

Symphases: List the structural classification, functional classification, and location.

A

Structural: cartilaginous (fibrocartilage)
Function: amphiarthroses
Location: intervertebral discs, menisci, pelvic symphysis

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11
Q

For synovial joints does stability increase or decrease as mobility increases or decreases?

A

stability increases, mobility decreases

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12
Q

In a synovial joint structure what type of cartilage is located on the epiphysis?

A

Articular (hyaline)

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13
Q

What is the outer and inner layer of the articular capsule?

A

Outer: Ligament and fibrous layer
Inner: Synovial membrane, synovial fluid

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14
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A
  • viscous oily fluid that fills the joint cavity
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15
Q

List the three functions of synovial fluid.

A
  1. Lubrication
  2. Nourish articular due to no perichondrium present
  3. Shock absorption
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16
Q

List all the angular movements of synovial joints.

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • hyperextension
  • abduction
  • adduction
  • circumduction
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17
Q

List all the rotational movements of synovial joints.

A
  • pronation
  • supination
18
Q

List all the special movements of synovial joints.

A
  • depression
  • elevation
  • protraction
  • retraction
  • dorsiflexion
  • plantar flexion
  • inversion
  • eversion
  • opposition
19
Q

Does flexion or extension increase the angle between bones?

A

Extension

20
Q

Is abduction or adduction the movement away from the midline?

A

Abduction

21
Q

Is medial or lateral rotation away from the midline?

A

Lateral

22
Q

The medial rotation of the forearm is pronation or supination?

A

Pronation

23
Q

What is the difference between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?

A

Dorsiflexion: pointing the toes upward
Plantar flexion: pointing the toes downward

24
Q

Turning the sole of the foot medially (in) is inversion or eversion?

A

Inversion

25
Q

List the three types of synovial joints.

A
  1. Pivot: cervical vertebrae
  2. Hinge: elbow/knee
  3. Ball and socket: shoulder/hips
26
Q

What kind of synovial joint is this, what movement does it permit?

A

Pivot joint; rotation

27
Q

What kind of synovial joint is this, what movement does it permit?

A

Hinge joint; permits flexion and extension

28
Q

What kind of synovial joint is this, what movement does it permit?

A

Ball and socket joint; permits all possible movement

29
Q

Name this joint and type.

A

TMJ- hinge joint

30
Q

Name this joint and type.

A

Glenohumeral- ball and socket

31
Q

In the coxal joint, which 3 ligaments are involved?

A
  1. iliofemoral
  2. ischiofemoral
  3. pubofemoral
32
Q

Which joint is the largest and most complex with a diarthrotic hinge?

A

Knee joint

33
Q

On the anterior surface of the knee how many quads are present, what bone is embedded in these tendons?

A

4 quadriceps; patella embedded

34
Q

Identify this knee ligament and what movement it prevents.

A

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament: MCL
- prevents abduction

35
Q

Identify this knee ligament and what movement it prevents.

A

Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament: LCL
- prevents adduction

36
Q

Identify this knee ligament and what movement it prevents.

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- prevents hyperextension

37
Q

Identify this knee ligament and what movement it prevents.

A

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
- prevents hyperflexion

38
Q

Identify this knee ligament and the tissue type/purpose.

A

Lateral and Medial meniscus
- fibrocartilage (resists compression)
- stabilizes knee

39
Q

Which ligaments are being torn in the highlighted regions?

A

Yellow: anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Blue: Medical meniscus
Purple: Medical collateral ligament (MCL)

40
Q

Label (A-B) on the anterior image view.

A

A. Tibia
B. Fibula
A1. Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
A2. Medial meniscus
A3. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
A4. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
B1. Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
B2. Lateral meniscus

41
Q

Label (A-B) on the posterior image view.

A

A. Tibia
B. Fibula
C. Femur
A1. Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
A2. Medial meniscus
A3. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
A4. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
B1. Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
B2. Lateral meniscus

Anatomy (20 decks)

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