Chapter 9: Articulations Flashcards
What are the three functional classifications of joints?
- synarthrosis: immobile joint
- amphiarthrosis: slightly mobile joint
- diarthrosis: freely mobile joint
What are the three structural classifications of joints?
- fibrous: dense regular connective tissue
- cartilaginous: cartilage
- synovial: fluid-filled joint cavity
List the three specific types of fibrous joints.
- Gomphoses
- Sutures
- Syndesmoses
What kind of mobility do fibrous joints have?
- mostly immobile or slightly mobile
Gomphoses: List the structural classification, functional classification, and location.
Structural: fibrous
Function: synarthrosis
Location: teeth with sockets of mandible with maxillae
Sutures: List the structural classification, functional classification, and location.
Structural: fibrous
Function: synarthrosis
Location: between some skull bones
Syndesmosis: List the structural classification, functional classification, and location.
Structural: fibrous “velcro”
Function: amphiarthroses
Location: between radius/ulna and tibia/fibula
What are the two specific types of cartilaginous joints?
- Synchondroses
- Symphyses
Syndchondroses: List the structural classification, functional classification, and location.
Structural: cartilaginous (hyaline)
Function: synarthorosis
Location: between FIRST rib and sternum, epiphyseal plate
Symphases: List the structural classification, functional classification, and location.
Structural: cartilaginous (fibrocartilage)
Function: amphiarthroses
Location: intervertebral discs, menisci, pelvic symphysis
For synovial joints does stability increase or decrease as mobility increases or decreases?
stability increases, mobility decreases
In a synovial joint structure what type of cartilage is located on the epiphysis?
Articular (hyaline)
What is the outer and inner layer of the articular capsule?
Outer: Ligament and fibrous layer
Inner: Synovial membrane, synovial fluid
What is synovial fluid?
- viscous oily fluid that fills the joint cavity
List the three functions of synovial fluid.
- Lubrication
- Nourish articular due to no perichondrium present
- Shock absorption
List all the angular movements of synovial joints.
- flexion
- extension
- hyperextension
- abduction
- adduction
- circumduction
List all the rotational movements of synovial joints.
- pronation
- supination
List all the special movements of synovial joints.
- depression
- elevation
- protraction
- retraction
- dorsiflexion
- plantar flexion
- inversion
- eversion
- opposition
Does flexion or extension increase the angle between bones?
Extension
Is abduction or adduction the movement away from the midline?
Abduction
Is medial or lateral rotation away from the midline?
Lateral
The medial rotation of the forearm is pronation or supination?
Pronation
What is the difference between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?
Dorsiflexion: pointing the toes upward
Plantar flexion: pointing the toes downward
Turning the sole of the foot medially (in) is inversion or eversion?
Inversion