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Anatomy > Chapter 25: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 25: Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 functions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Air passageway
  2. Gas exchange
    - external respiration
    - internal respiration
  3. Gas conditioning
  4. Detection of odors (adaptation)
  5. Sound production
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2
Q

Name the two divisions of the respiratory system.

A
  1. Structural
    - upper respiratory tract
    - lower respiratory tract
  2. Functional
    - conducting
    - respiratory
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3
Q

List the structural organization of the upper and lower respiratory tract.

A

URT
- nose
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
LRT
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchiole
- terminal brochioles

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4
Q

List the functional organization of the conducting and respiratory zone.

A

Conducting Zone:
- nose
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchiole
- terminal bronchiole
Respiratory Zone:
- respiratory bronchiole
- alveolar duct
- alveoli

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5
Q

Identify the hills and valleys of the nose/nasal cavity.

A

Hills (green)
- Superior nasal concha
- Middle nasal concha
- Inferior nasal concha
Valleys (pink)
- Superior meatus
- Middle meatus
- Inferior meatus

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6
Q

Name the paranasal sinuses.

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Ethmoidal
  3. Sphenoidal
  4. Maxillary
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7
Q

List the structures of the pharynx superior to inferior.

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
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8
Q

Identify the structures of the nasopharynx and the tissue type.

A
  1. superior to soft palate
  2. Auditory tubes in lateral walls
  3. single pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
    Tissue type: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
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9
Q

Identify the structures of the oropharynx and the tissue type.

A
  1. Soft palate to hyoid bone
  2. Palatine tonsils
  3. Linguinal tonsils at base of tongue
    Tissue type: nonkeritanized stratified squamous epithelium (for abrasion)
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10
Q

Identify the structures of the laryngopharynx and the tissue type.

A
  1. Inferior to hyoid bone to superior boarder of esophagus
  2. Esophagus
    Tissue type: nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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11
Q

List the components of the LRT conducting portion.

A

Larynx (voicebox) > trachea (wind pipe) > bronchi > bronchioles

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12
Q

List the components of the LRT respiratory portion.

A

respiratory bronchioles > alveolar ducts > alveoli

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13
Q

Identify the larynx major cartilages.

A

Thyroid cartilage
- largest cartilage
- laryngeal prominence (Adam’s Apple)

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14
Q

Identify the larynx major cartilage.

A

Cricoid cartilage
- ring shaped cartilage
- inferior to thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

Identify the larynx major cartilage.

A

Epiglottis
- projects superiorly into pharynx
- deglutittion

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16
Q

List the minor cartilages of the larynx.

A

Pink: corniculate cartilage
Orange: arytenoid cartilage

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17
Q

Determine the cartilages and ligaments used for sound production.

A
  • Vocal folds
  • cuneiform cartilage
  • corniculate cartilage
  • vocal ligament
18
Q

What are C-shaped tracheal cartilages connected by?

A

Trachealis muscle

19
Q

What is the tissue type of the trachea?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

20
Q

Explain the division of the LRT bronchiole tree.

A

Right lung:
- Right primary bronchus
- secondary bronchus = 3 lobes
- 10 tertiary bronchus

Left lung:
- Left primary bronchus
- secondary bronchus = 2 lobes
- (8-10) tertiary bronchus

21
Q

Do bronchioles have cartilage?

A

No

22
Q

What is the tissue type of bronchioles?

A

simple ciliated columnar epithelium

23
Q

Identify the LRT respiratory portion of the respiration system.

A
  • Respiratory bronchioles
  • Alveolar ducts
  • Pulmonary alveoli
24
Q

Terminal bronchioles branch into ….

A

respiratory bronchioles

25
Q

Respiratory bronchioles branch into ….

A

alveolar ducts

26
Q

Alveolar ducts end with small saccular outpocketings called:

A

alveoli

27
Q

Alveoli is the site of:

A

gas exchange

28
Q

Identify this type of alveolar cell and its function.

A

Alveolar type I cell
- simple squamous epithelial
- promotes rapid diffusion

29
Q

Identify this type of alveolar cell and its function.

A

Alveolar type II cell
- produces pulmonary surfactant
- decreases surface tension within the alveoli to prevents the collapse of the alveoli

30
Q

The gas exchange occurs between alveolar type I cells and capillaries to form which membrane?

A

Respiratory membrane

31
Q

The respiratory membrane diffuses CO2 and O2 in or out of which membrane?

A
  • CO2 diffuses out of erythrocyte through plasma membrane of capillary cell
  • O2 diffuses into hemoglobin of erythrocyte (capillary) from the type I alveolar plasma membrane
32
Q

Identify this cell and its function.

A

Cell type: Alveolar macrophage
Function: immune cell
- engulfs microorganism or dust/cell debris

33
Q

Identify the following pleura layers and cavity of the lungs.

A
  1. parietal pleura (outer layer)
  2. visceral pleura (organ-inner)
  3. pleural cavity (potential space)
34
Q

The hilum of the lungs composes which structures?

A
  • Bronchi
  • pulmonary vessels
  • lymphatic vessels
  • nerves
35
Q

Identify this lung, left or right.

A

Left

36
Q

Identify the structures of the left lung.

A
  1. Cardiac impression (medial surface)
  2. Cardiac notch (anterior surface)
  3. Oblique fissure (separates superior and inferior lobes)
37
Q

Identify this lung, left or right.

A

Right

38
Q

Identify the structures of the right lung.

A
  1. Oblique fissures
  2. horizontal fissures (superior, middle, and inferior lobes)
39
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are in the left and right lung?

A

Left: 8-10
Right: 10

40
Q

Describe the process of pulmonary circulation.

A

Branch of the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to lungs > alveoli > picks up O2 in the capillaries > arteriole > venule > pulmonary vein brings oxygenated blood back to the heart

Anatomy (20 decks)

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