Chapter 25: Respiratory System Flashcards by Sara Godoy

What are the 5 functions of the respiratory system?

Air passageway
Gas exchange
- external respiration
- internal respiration
Gas conditioning
Detection of odors (adaptation)
Sound production

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the two divisions of the respiratory system.

Structural
- upper respiratory tract
- lower respiratory tract
Functional
- conducting
- respiratory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List the structural organization of the upper and lower respiratory tract.

URT
- nose
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
LRT
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchiole
- terminal brochioles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List the functional organization of the conducting and respiratory zone.

Conducting Zone:
- nose
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchiole
- terminal bronchiole
Respiratory Zone:
- respiratory bronchiole
- alveolar duct
- alveoli

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the hills and valleys of the nose/nasal cavity.

Hills (green)
- Superior nasal concha
- Middle nasal concha
- Inferior nasal concha
Valleys (pink)
- Superior meatus
- Middle meatus
- Inferior meatus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the paranasal sinuses.

Frontal
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
Maxillary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List the structures of the pharynx superior to inferior.

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the structures of the nasopharynx and the tissue type.

superior to soft palate
Auditory tubes in lateral walls
single pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
Tissue type: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the structures of the oropharynx and the tissue type.

Soft palate to hyoid bone
Palatine tonsils
Linguinal tonsils at base of tongue
Tissue type: nonkeritanized stratified squamous epithelium (for abrasion)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the structures of the laryngopharynx and the tissue type.

Inferior to hyoid bone to superior boarder of esophagus
Esophagus
Tissue type: nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List the components of the LRT conducting portion.

Larynx (voicebox) > trachea (wind pipe) > bronchi > bronchioles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List the components of the LRT respiratory portion.

respiratory bronchioles > alveolar ducts > alveoli

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the larynx major cartilages.

Thyroid cartilage
- largest cartilage
- laryngeal prominence (Adam’s Apple)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the larynx major cartilage.

Cricoid cartilage
- ring shaped cartilage
- inferior to thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the larynx major cartilage.

Epiglottis
- projects superiorly into pharynx
- deglutittion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List the minor cartilages of the larynx.

Pink: corniculate cartilage
Orange: arytenoid cartilage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Determine the cartilages and ligaments used for sound production.

Vocal folds
cuneiform cartilage
corniculate cartilage
vocal ligament

What are C-shaped tracheal cartilages connected by?

Trachealis muscle

What is the tissue type of the trachea?

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Explain the division of the LRT bronchiole tree.

Right lung:
- Right primary bronchus
- secondary bronchus = 3 lobes
- 10 tertiary bronchus

Left lung:
- Left primary bronchus
- secondary bronchus = 2 lobes
- (8-10) tertiary bronchus

Do bronchioles have cartilage?

What is the tissue type of bronchioles?

simple ciliated columnar epithelium

Identify the LRT respiratory portion of the respiration system.

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Pulmonary alveoli

Terminal bronchioles branch into ….

respiratory bronchioles

Respiratory bronchioles branch into ....

alveolar ducts

Alveolar ducts end with small saccular outpocketings called:

alveoli

Alveoli is the site of:

gas exchange

Identify this type of alveolar cell and its function.

Alveolar type I cell - simple squamous epithelial - promotes rapid diffusion

Identify this type of alveolar cell and its function.

Alveolar type II cell - produces pulmonary surfactant - decreases surface tension within the alveoli to prevents the collapse of the alveoli

The gas exchange occurs between alveolar type I cells and capillaries to form which membrane?

Respiratory membrane

The respiratory membrane diffuses CO2 and O2 in or out of which membrane?

- CO2 diffuses out of erythrocyte through plasma membrane of capillary cell - O2 diffuses into hemoglobin of erythrocyte (capillary) from the type I alveolar plasma membrane

Identify this cell and its function.

Cell type: Alveolar macrophage Function: immune cell - engulfs microorganism or dust/cell debris

Identify the following pleura layers and cavity of the lungs.

1. parietal pleura (outer layer) 2. visceral pleura (organ-inner) 3. pleural cavity (potential space)

The hilum of the lungs composes which structures?

- Bronchi - pulmonary vessels - lymphatic vessels - nerves

Identify this lung, left or right.

Left

Identify the structures of the left lung.

1. Cardiac impression (medial surface) 2. Cardiac notch (anterior surface) 3. Oblique fissure (separates superior and inferior lobes)

Identify this lung, left or right.

Right

Identify the structures of the right lung.

1. Oblique fissures 2. horizontal fissures (superior, middle, and inferior lobes)

How many bronchopulmonary segments are in the left and right lung?

Left: 8-10 Right: 10

Describe the process of pulmonary circulation.

Branch of the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to lungs > alveoli > picks up O2 in the capillaries > arteriole > venule > pulmonary vein brings oxygenated blood back to the heart