L7: Coma - Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Def of ICP

A

โ—ˆ The pressure exerted by cranial contents on the dural envelope

โ—ˆ It comprises the partial pressures of brain, blood, and CSF

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2
Q

Calculation of ICP

A

โ—ˆ ICP = Pcerebrum + Pblood + CSF

โ—ˆ Intracranial volume= Volume of (Brain + Cerebral blood + CSF)

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3
Q

Normal Value of ICP

A

<10mmHg

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4
Q

Levels of Intracranial HTN

A
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5
Q

Def of Compliance

A

The ability to tolerate โ†‘โ†‘ in volume without corresponding โ‡กโ‡ก in pressure

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6
Q

Relationship of ICV & ICP

A
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7
Q

Cerebral Autoregulation

A
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8
Q

Cerebral Autoregulation

  • Pressure Autoregulation
A
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9
Q

Cerebral Autoregulation

  • Metabolic Autoregulation
A
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10
Q

Cerebral blood flow remains constant over a wide range of CPP

A

โ€ฆ.

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11
Q

in โ€ฆโ€ฆ.

  • The autoregulatory curve is shifted to the right
A
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12
Q

Types of Brain Herniation

A
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13
Q

Pathology of Central Herniation

A

Herniation of Upper brainstem

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14
Q

Effect of Central Herniation

A

โ—ˆ Small pupil โ†’ Midpoint pupil

โ—ˆ Irregular respiration โ†’ Hyperventilation as coma deepens

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15
Q

pathology in Uncal Herniation

A

Herniation of Medial temporal lobe through the tentorium

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16
Q

Effect of Uncal Herniation

A

โ—ˆ Unilateral dilated pupil due to compression on oculomotor nerve

โ—ˆ Asymmetric motor signs

โ—ˆ As coma deepens, the opposite pupil loses the light reflex and may constrict briefly before enlarging

17
Q

Upward Herniation

A

โ—ˆ Rarely

โ—ˆ Occur in posterior fossa masses

18
Q

Def of Coma

A
  • Unarousable unresponsiveness state in which patient lies without spontaneous movement and intelligible speech.
19
Q

Def of Encephalopathy

20
Q

Etiology of Coma

21
Q

Etiology of Coma

  • Hysterical
22
Q

Etiology of Coma

  • Organic
23
Q

Organic Etiology of Coma

  • Primary Brain Injury
24
Q

Organic Etiology of Coma

  • Secondary Brain Injury
25
Q

Causes of โ†‘โ†‘ ICP according to mechanism

26
Q

Evaluation of Coma

27
Q

Evaluation of Coma

  • History
28
Q

Evaluation of Coma

  • Examination
29
Q

Evaluation of Coma

  • Regular Rhythm
A
  • Equal chest rise and fall and a regular cycle of inhalation and exhalation
30
Q

Evaluation of Coma

  • Kussmaul Respiration
A
  • Compensation for metabolic acidosis.
31
Q

Evaluation of Coma

  • Chyne Stokes Respiration
A

โ—ˆ Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

โ—ˆ Stroke, respiratory failure.

32
Q

Evaluation of Coma

  • Apneustic Respiration
A

Lesion in the pons.

33
Q

Evaluation of Coma

  • Ataxic Respiration
A

Lesion in the medulla.

34
Q

Signs of lateralization