L7: Coma - Pt 2 Flashcards
Def of ICP
โ The pressure exerted by cranial contents on the dural envelope
โ It comprises the partial pressures of brain, blood, and CSF
Calculation of ICP
โ ICP = Pcerebrum + Pblood + CSF
โ Intracranial volume= Volume of (Brain + Cerebral blood + CSF)
Normal Value of ICP
<10mmHg
Levels of Intracranial HTN
Def of Compliance
The ability to tolerate โโ in volume without corresponding โกโก in pressure
Relationship of ICV & ICP
Cerebral Autoregulation
Cerebral Autoregulation
- Pressure Autoregulation
Cerebral Autoregulation
- Metabolic Autoregulation
Cerebral blood flow remains constant over a wide range of CPP
โฆ.
in โฆโฆ.
- The autoregulatory curve is shifted to the right
Types of Brain Herniation
Pathology of Central Herniation
Herniation of Upper brainstem
Effect of Central Herniation
โ Small pupil โ Midpoint pupil
โ Irregular respiration โ Hyperventilation as coma deepens
pathology in Uncal Herniation
Herniation of Medial temporal lobe through the tentorium
Effect of Uncal Herniation
โ Unilateral dilated pupil due to compression on oculomotor nerve
โ Asymmetric motor signs
โ As coma deepens, the opposite pupil loses the light reflex and may constrict briefly before enlarging
Upward Herniation
โ Rarely
โ Occur in posterior fossa masses
Def of Coma
- Unarousable unresponsiveness state in which patient lies without spontaneous movement and intelligible speech.
Def of Encephalopathy
Etiology of Coma
Etiology of Coma
- Hysterical
โฆ.
Etiology of Coma
- Organic
Organic Etiology of Coma
- Primary Brain Injury
Organic Etiology of Coma
- Secondary Brain Injury
Causes of โโ ICP according to mechanism
Evaluation of Coma
Evaluation of Coma
- History
Evaluation of Coma
- Examination
Evaluation of Coma
- Regular Rhythm
- Equal chest rise and fall and a regular cycle of inhalation and exhalation
Evaluation of Coma
- Kussmaul Respiration
- Compensation for metabolic acidosis.
Evaluation of Coma
- Chyne Stokes Respiration
โ Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
โ Stroke, respiratory failure.
Evaluation of Coma
- Apneustic Respiration
Lesion in the pons.
Evaluation of Coma
- Ataxic Respiration
Lesion in the medulla.
Signs of lateralization