L5: Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards
Def of Respiratory distress
Def of Respiratory failure
Def of Respiratory arrest
- A condition characterized by absence of respiratory effort “Prolonged apnea”
Def of Upper airway obstruction
- Obstruction of the flow of air/ oxygen from the oropharynx to the carina of the trachea.
Def of Lower airway
obstruction
- Obstruction of flow of air/oxygen within the bronchi and/or bronchioles from distal to the main stem bronchi to the alveoli
Def of Diseases of lung
- Inflammation, infection, or scarring of the alveoli or interstitium of the lung.
Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)
- Appearence
Respiratory emergencies in children
- Assessment
Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)
- Breathing
Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)
- Circulation
Def of Wheezes
- Whistling musical sound that is usually expiratory indicating lower airway obstruction “may present on inspiration as well”
Def of Stridor
- high-pitched sound that is usually inspiratory indicating upper airway obstruction “may present on expiration as well”
Def of Grunting
- Forced expiration against a partially closed glottis to ⇡⇡ the end expiratory pressure to assist gas exchange & prevent alveolar collapse
Increased effort of breathing doesn’t occur in 3 circumstances:
① Exhaustion (with imminent respiratory arrest)
② Central respiratory depression
③ Neuromuscular disease
Etiology of Respiratory Distress
Etiology of Respiratory Distress
- Upper Airway
Etiology of Respiratory Distress
- Lower Airway
◈ Asthma
◈ α1 antitrypsin deficiency
◈ Bronchitis
◈ Hydrocarbon aspiration
Etiology of Respiratory Distress
- Diseases of Lung
◈ Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
◈ Cystic fibrosis
◈ Pneumonia
◈ Near frowning
Etiology of Respiratory Distress
- Chest Wall Conditions
◈ Pneumothorax & hemothorax
◈ Diaphragmatic hernia
◈ Severe kyphoscoliosis
◈ Severe pectus excavatum
Etiology of Respiratory Distress
- Neurological Diseases
◈ Spinal muscle atrophy
◈ Meningoencephalitis
◈ Poliomyelitis
◈ Brain tumor / hematoma
Def of Stridor
- audible harsh, high-pitched musical sound produced by turbulent airflow through a partially obstructed upper airway.
Etiology of Stridor
Etiology of Stridor
- Nose & Pharynx
Etiology of Stridor
- Larynx
Etiology of Stridor
- Trachea & Bronchi
◈ Tracheoesophageal fistula
◈ Vascular rings
◈ Bacterial tracheitis
◈ Neoplasm
Etiology of Stridor
- Others
◈ Psychomotor stridor
◈ Hemophilia
◈ Cervical spinal trauma
◈ Caustic ingestion
Causes of Life-Threatening Stridor
