L2: Peculiarities in Children Flashcards
Children are not small adults
- The key differences to consider in children are:
Methods of BW estimation
- Scales
- Broselow tape: use height to estimate BW
- Formulas (See table)
Pecularities of Children
- Weight
Pecularities of Children
- Weight (At Birth)
3 β 3.5 kg
Pecularities of Children
- Weight (During Infancy)
Pecularities of Children
- Weight (During Early Childhood)
-β‘β‘ By β’ 2 kg/year
- πΎπππππβ‘ ππ β‘ππ = (π¨ππ β‘ππ β‘πππππ Γ π) + π
Pecularities of Children
- Weight (During Late Childhood)
Pecularities of Children
- Anatomical
In a young child the airway is vulnerable to obstruction because of:
Pecularities of Children
- Physiological
β¦.. is the main respiratory muscle in children.
The diaphragm
Infants have a relatively greater metabolic rate & O2 consumption > adults.
β¦.
- Minute Ventilation = Tidal Volume X Respiratory rate
- The tidal volume remains relatively constant, So for the child to β‘β‘ minute ventilation β’ the only way is to β‘β‘ the respiratory
β¦.
Pecularities of Children
- CVS
- COP = Stroke volume X Heart rate
- The infant has a relatively small stroke volume, So for the child to β‘β‘ COP β’ He must β‘β‘ HR which is an easy and rapid way
β¦.
The gradual β‘β‘ in stoke volume in childhood
- The underlying cause of the heart rate changes seen during this age group.
β¦.
Systemic vascular resistance β‘β‘ after birth & continues to do until adulthood is reached
- This is reflected in the changes seen in blood pressure
β¦.
Respiratory rate
- First 2 Months
50
Respiratory rate
- First 2-12 Months
40
Respiratory rate
- 1-5 Years
25 - 30
Respiratory rate
- 6-12 Years
20 - 25
Respiratory rate
- > 12 Years
15-20
HR & BP
- <1 Year
HR & BP
- 1-2 Years
HR & BP
- 2-5 Years
HR & BP
- 5-15 Years
HR & BP
- >12 Years
After age of 2 years
- SBP =
70 + (Age in years Γ 2)
Pecularities of Children
- Psychological
