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Y4R6 - Pediatrics II 👶 > L1: Cardiac Examination > Flashcards

L1: Cardiac Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Weight & height affection

  • Lt to Rt Shunt “Large VSD”
A
  • Weight loss > Height loss

“D2 ⭣⭣ caloric intake + ⭡⭡ requirements”

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2
Q

Weight & height affection

  • Cyanosis “Chronic Hypoxemia Like TOF”
A

Weight loss = Height loss

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3
Q

Weight & height affection

  • Obstructive Lesions “As AS”
A

Normal growth pattern

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4
Q

Weight & height affection

  • HF
A

Acute weight gain “D2 edema”

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5
Q

Width & Length of BP Cuff

A
  • The width of the bladder of the cuff should be 40-50% of the circumference of the limb.
  • The length of the cuff should cover nearly the whole limb.
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6
Q
  • Pulsus alternans in ……
  • Pulsus paradoxus in …….
A
  • severe CHF
  • pericardial effusion with tamponade
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7
Q

Most comfortable Position

  • Sitting Up
A

Severe HF – Tamponade - Pulmonary edema

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8
Q

Most comfortable Position

  • Squatting
A

TOF

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9
Q

General Appearence

  • Ill or Toxic
A
  • inflammatory process as RF
  • infection as endocarditis
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10
Q

Down Syndrome & CHD

A

40% CHD:

◈ AVSD ⇢ 60%
◈ VSD, ASD ⇢ 20-30%
◈ TOF ⇢ 5-10%

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11
Q

Noonan Syndrome & CHD

A

50% CHD:

◈ Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis

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12
Q

Turner Syndrome & CHD

A

35% CHD:

◈ Bicuspid Aortic Valve
◈ Coarctation of aorta

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13
Q

Marfan Syndrome & CHD

A

CHD:

◈ Mitral prolapse
◈ Aortic insufficiency
◈ Dissecting aortic aneurysm

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14
Q

Nut. Status

  • Loss of SC Fat
A

Reflecting severe FTT in severe CHF

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15
Q

General Examination

  • Splinter Hemorrhages
A
  • Linear black lines under fingernails resembling splinter 2ry to small infarcts.
  • Occur in Infective Endocarditis
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16
Q

General Examination

  • Janeway Lesions
A
  • Erythematous, macula, non-tender.
  • Occur in Infective Endocarditis
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17
Q

General Examination

  • Osler’s Nodes
A
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18
Q

General Examination

  • SC Nodules
  • Erythema Marginatum
  • Arthritis of Large Joints
A

Rheumatic fever

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19
Q

General Examination

  • Gum infection and decayed teeth
A

Infective endocarditis

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20
Q

General Examination

  • Chronic adenoid or tonsillar enlargement
A

Pulmonary Hypertension

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21
Q

Precordial Bulge in ……

A

Long standing cardiomegaly (congenital or acquired)

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22
Q

Precordial Activity in …….

A
  • Quite precordium e.g., TOF.
  • Active precordium only with volume overload ⇢ VSD, PDA, MR or AR.
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23
Q

Normal Site of Apex

A
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24
Q

Causes of Absent Apex

A
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25
Q

Causes of Shifted Apex

A
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26
Q

Extent of Apex

  • LVH
A

Localized

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27
Q

Extent of Apex

  • RVH
A

Diffuse

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28
Q

Character of Apex

  • Hyperdynamic
A

◈ Forcible & non-sustained

◈ In volume overload e.g., MR, AR, and VSD

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29
Q

Character of Apex

  • Heaving
A

◈ Forcible & sustained

◈ In pressure overload e.g., AS, HTN

30
Q

Character of Apex

  • Slapping
A

◈ Not Forcible, not sustained

◈ In mitral stenosis

31
Q

Pulsations of Apex

  • Suprasternal Pulsations
A

Hyperdynamic circulation

32
Q

Pulsations of Apex

  • Pulsations in 2nd Right space
A

Aortic dilatation

33
Q

Pulsations of Apex

  • Pulsations in 2nd Left Space
A

Pulmonary HTN “PA Dilatation”

34
Q

Pulsations of Apex

  • Parasternal Pulsations
35
Q

Pulsations of Apex

  • Apical Pulsations
36
Q

Pulsations of Apex

  • Epigastric pulsations
A

RVH, Aorta, Pulsating liver

37
Q

General Examination

  • Scars
38
Q

Dullness outside the apex

A

Pericardial Effusion

39
Q

Auscultatory Areas

40
Q

Normal Variable Splitting of S2

41
Q

Heart Sounds in

  • ASD
42
Q

Heart Sounds in

  • Pulmonary HTN in VSD
43
Q

Heart Sounds in

  • Pulmonary Stenosis
44
Q

Heart Sounds in

  • TOF
45
Q

Heart Sounds in

  • Severe AS
46
Q

Abnormalities of S1

  • MS
47
Q

Abnormalities of S1

  • MR
48
Q

Volume Overload

  • Causes
  • Ventricular Response
  • Apex Character
49
Q

Pressure Overload

  • Causes
  • Ventricular Response
  • Apex Character
50
Q

Causes of Opening Snap

A
  • In MS ⇢ it is best heard inside the apex
  • In TS ⇢ it is best heard over the tricuspid area
51
Q

Causes of Ejection Click

A
  • In AS (valvular type) ⇢ it is heard in the aortic area (A1)
  • PS (valvular type) ⇢ it is heard in the pulmonary area (P).
52
Q

Causes of Friction Rub

A

Heard with dry pericardial effusion ——> Disappear with stopping breathing

53
Q

Types of Murmur

54
Q

MR

  • Max Intensity
  • Propagation
55
Q

MS

  • Max Intensity
  • Propagation
56
Q

VSD

  • Max Intensity
  • Propagation
57
Q

Rt Heart Murmurs increase with …….

A

inspiration

58
Q

Lt Heart Murmurs increase with …….

A

expiration

59
Q

Aortic Murmurs increase with …….

A

leaning forward

60
Q

Mitral Murmurs increase with …….

A

lt lateral position

61
Q

Types of Systolic Murmurs

62
Q

Murmur in

  • Mild PS
  • Mild AS
63
Q

Murmur in

  • Severe PS
  • Severe AS
64
Q

Murmur in

  • More Severe PS
65
Q

Murmur in

  • MR
  • TR
  • Large VSD
66
Q

Murmur in

  • Small VSD
67
Q

Diastolic Murmurs

68
Q

Murmur in

  • AR
  • PR
69
Q

Murmur in

  • MS
  • TS
70
Q

Murmur in

  • PDA

Y4R6 - Pediatrics II 👶 (10 decks)

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