L1: Metabolic Disorders Flashcards
Henderson Hasselbalch equation
Normal Parameters
- pH
- PaCO2
- HCO3
- Anion Gap
Anion Gap
- Def
- Equation
- Normal Value
- Importance
Def of
- Acidemia
- Acidosis
- Metabolic Disorder
- Simple Disorder
Def of
- Alkalemia
- Alkalosis
- Respiratory Disorder
- Mixed Disorder
Acid-base regulation
Etiology of Metabolic Acidosis
Etiology of Metabolic Acidosis
- NAGMA
Etiology of Metabolic Acidosis
- HAGMA
CP of Metabolic Acidosis
INVx for Metabolic Acidosis
TTT of Metabolic Acidosis
TTT of Metabolic Acidosis
- Cause
โฆ
TTT of Metabolic Acidosis
- NaHCO3
NaHCO3 of Metabolic Acidosis
- Indications
โ pH < 7.1
โ Serum HCO3 < 8
NaHCO3 of Metabolic Acidosis
- Precautions
Adequate ventilation for fear of CO2 accumulation
- Hโก+โกHCO3 โกโ H2CO3โก โ CO2โก+ H2O
NaHCO3 of Metabolic Acidosis
- Dose
THAM of Metabolic Acidosis
TTT of Metabolic Acidosis
- Peritoneal Dialysis
โฆ.
Def of Hyponatremia
Serum Na < 130 mEq/L
Etiology of Hyponatremia
Etiology of Hyponatremia
- True Na Deficiency
Etiology of Hyponatremia
- Dilutional Hyponatremia
CP of Hyponatremia
CP of Hyponatremia
- depends on
- Rate of development
- Level of hyponatremia
CP of Hyponatremia
- Acute
CP of Hyponatremia
- Chronic
Asymptomatic
TTT of Hyponatremia
TTT of Hyponatremia
- Asymptomatic
TTT of Hyponatremia
- Symptomatic
Def of Hypernatremia
Serum Na > 145 mEq/L
Etiology of Hypernatremia
Etiology of Hypernatremia
- Na Excess
Etiology of Hypernatremia
- Decreased Water
Etiology of Hypernatremia
- โฃโฃโฃ Water > โฃ Na
CP of Hypernatremia
Complications of Hypernatremia
TTT of Hypernatremia
Def of Hypokalemia
Serum K < 3.5 mEq/L
Etiology of Hypokalemia
Etiology of Hypokalemia
- True Hypokalemia
Etiology of Hypokalemia
- Hypokalmia without Loss
CP of Hypokalemia
TTT of Hypokalemia
Def of Hyperkalemia
- Hyperkalemia โข Serum K > 5.5 mEq/L
- Sever hyperkalemia โข Serum K > 7 mEq/L
Etiology of Hyperkalemia
Etiology of Hyperkalemia
- Hyperkalemia with K excess
Etiology of Hyperkalemia
- Hyperkalemia without K Excess
CP of Hyperkalemia
TTT of Hyperkalemia
TTT of Hyperkalemia
- Cardiac membrane stabilization with IV Ca
Cardiac membrane stabilization in Hyperkalemia
- MOA
Ca is the physiological antidote of K on the heart
- So it is given to stabilize the cardiac membrane
Cardiac membrane stabilization in Hyperkalemia
- Dose
1 ml/kg/dose by IV injection over 3 โ 5 minutes with maximum dose 10 ml
Cardiac membrane stabilization in Hyperkalemia
- Precautions
Stop if bradycardia develops
TTT in Hyperkalemia
- Intracellular K shifting
Intracellular K shifting in Hyperkalemia
- Insulin + Glucose
Intracellular K shifting in Hyperkalemia
- Inhaled SABA
Intracellular K shifting in Hyperkalemia
- NaHCO3
TTT in Hyperkalemia
- Enhanced K elimination
Enhanced K elimination in Hyperkalemia
- Loop Diuretics
Enhanced K elimination in Hyperkalemia
- Cation exchange medications (Examples, MOA, Routes, Dose, Rate)
Enhanced K elimination in Hyperkalemia
- Dialysis
in Refractory Cases