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Y4R6 - Pediatrics II 👶 > L6: Respiratory Failure > Flashcards

L6: Respiratory Failure Flashcards

1
Q

Def of Respiratory Failure

A
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2
Q

Normal ABG Values

  • PaO2
  • PaCO2
  • pH
  • HCO3
  • SaO2
A
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3
Q

Types of Respiratory Failure

A
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4
Q

Classification of Acute Respiratory Failure

A
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5
Q

Classification of Acute Respiratory Failure

  • Synonyms
A
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6
Q

Classification of Acute Respiratory Failure

  • Presentation
A
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7
Q

Classification of Acute Respiratory Failure

  • CP
A
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8
Q

Classification of Acute Respiratory Failure

  • Pathogenesis
A
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9
Q

Classification of Acute Respiratory Failure

  • Etiology
A
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10
Q

Classification of Acute Respiratory Failure

  • TTT
A
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11
Q

Classification of Acute Respiratory Failure

  • Type 3
A

Perioperative respiratory failure

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12
Q

Pathophysiology of acute RF “Hypoxemia”

A
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13
Q

Classification of Acute Respiratory Failure

  • type 4
A

Shock

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14
Q

Pathophysiology of acute RF “Hypoxemia”

  • Hypoventilation
A
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15
Q

Pathophysiology of acute RF “Hypoxemia”

  • Ventilation perfusion mismatch
A
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16
Q

Pathophysiology of acute RF “Hypoxemia”

  • Diffusion Abnormalities
A
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17
Q

Pathophysiology of acute RF “Hypoxemia”

  • Shunt
A
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18
Q

CP of ARF

A
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19
Q

CP of ARF

  • CP of Hypoxemia
A
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20
Q

CP of Hypoxemia

  • Chest Manifestations
A

◈ Tachypnea “Good sign”
◈ Dyspnea

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21
Q

CP of Hypoxemia

  • CNS Manifestations
A

◈ Irritability
◈ Loss of concentration
◈ Convulsions
◈ Coma

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22
Q

CP of Hypoxemia

  • CVS Manifestations
A

◈ Pulmonary HTN
◈ Core pulmonale
◈ Cardiac arrest

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23
Q

CP of ARF

  • CP of Hypercapnia
A
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24
Q

CP of Hypercapnia

  • CNS Manifestations
A
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25
Q

CP of Hypercapnia

  • CVS Manifestations
A

◈ Hyperdynamic circulation
◈ Congested conjunctiva

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26
Q

CP of Hypercapnia

  • Metabolic
A

◈ Acidosis “Metabolic – respiratory”
◈ ⇣⇣ PH – ⇡⇡ Lactic acid

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27
Q

Etiology of ARF

A
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28
Q

Etiology of ARF

  • Ventilation Disorders
29
Q

Ventilation Disorders Causing ARF

  • Ventilatory pump limitation
29
Q

Ventilation Disorders Causing ARF

  • CNS Causes
30
Q

Ventilation Disorders Causing ARF

  • Airflow Limitation
A

① Upper airway obstruction: Acute epiglottitis – tracheal tumors

② Lower airway obstruction: Asthma – cystic fibrosis

31
Q

Etiology of ARF

  • Diffusion Disorders
A

① Pulmonary hemorrhage
② Pulmonary edema
③ Pulmonary fibrosis
④ Aspiration pneumonia

32
Q

Etiology of ARF

  • Perfussion Disorders
A

① Pulmonary Embolism
② Shock

33
Q

Complications of ARF

34
Q

Complications of ARF

  • Pilmonary
A

◈ Pulmonary embolism
◈ Pulmonary fibrosis
◈ Nosocomial pneumonia
◈ Barotrauma

35
Q

Complications of ARF

  • CVS
A

◈ Hypotension
◈ ⇣⇣ COP
◈ Arrhythmia

36
Q

Complications of ARF

  • GIT
A

◈ Stress ulcer
◈ Paralytic ileus
◈ Diarrhea

37
Q

Complications of ARF

  • Renal
38
Q

Complications of ARF

  • Nosocomial Infection
A

◈ Pneumonia
◈ UTI
◈ Catheter related sepsis

39
Q

Complications of ARF

  • Nutritional
A

◈ Malnutrition
◈ Hypoglycemia
◈ Electrolyte disturbances

40
Q

INVx for ARF

41
Q

INVx for ARF

  • Labs
42
Q

INVx for ARF

  • Imaging
A

① Chest X-ray
② ECHO

43
Q

INVx for ARF

  • PFT
44
Q

INVx for ARF

  • PCWP
45
Q

Def of PCWP

A

◈ It is an integrated measurement of the compliance of the left side of the heart and the pulmonary circulation

◈ It estimates the left atrial pressure.

46
Q

How to measure of PCWP?

A

Measured through right heart catheterization

47
Q

Interpretation of PCWP

A

◈ Normal (<18 mmHg) ⇢ ARDS

◈ Increased ⇢ Cardiogenic pulmonary edema

48
Q

Significance of PCWP

A

To differentiate between Cardiogenic pulmonary edema & ARDS:

  • Bilateral basal crepitations
49
Q

Management of ARF

50
Q

Management of ARF

  • Indications of ICU Admission
51
Q

Airway Management in ARF

52
Q

Airway Management in ARF

  • Route
A

Endotracheal intubation

53
Q

Airway Management in ARF

  • importance
A

◈ Precise O2 delivery to the lungs.
◈ Remove secretion.
◈ Ensures adequate ventilation

54
Q

Correction of Hypoxemia in ARF

55
Q

Correction of Hypoxemia in ARF

  • Route
A

O2 administration via:

  • Nasal prongs – face mask - intubation - ventilation
56
Q

Correction of Hypoxemia in ARF

  • Goals
A

◈ Adequate O2 delivery to tissues.
◈ PaO2 > 60 mmHg.
◈ SaO2 > 90%

57
Q

Correction of Hypercapnia in ARF

58
Q

Correction of Hypercapnia in ARF

  • Route
A

◈ Control the underlying cause

◈ Controlled O2 supply (1 -3 lit/min, titrate acc to SaO2)

59
Q

Mechanical Ventilation in ARF

60
Q

Mechanical Ventilation in ARF

  • Indications
A

◈ Persistence hypoxemia despite O2 supply
◈ Decreased level of consciousness
◈ Hypercapnia with severe acidosis (pH< 7.2

61
Q

Mechanical Ventilation in ARF

  • Goals
A

◈ ⇡⇡ PaO2
◈ ⇣⇣ PaCO2
◈ Rest respiratory muscles

62
Q

Noninvasive Ventilatory support (IPPV) in ARF

63
Q

Noninvasive Ventilatory support (IPPV) in ARF

  • Indications
A

◈ Mild to moderate RF

◈ Patient should be alert and have:
- Intact airway & normal airway protective reflexes

64
Q

Noninvasive Ventilatory support (IPPV) in ARF

  • Goals
A

◈ Nasal or full-face mask:
- Improve oxygenation
- Reduce work of breathing
- Increase cardiac output

65
Q

Imdications of Invasive MV

66
Q

Indications of Non-Invasive MV

67
Q

TTT of ARF

  • Treatment of the underlying causes
68
Q

When to Wean from mechanical ventilation?

Y4R6 - Pediatrics II 👶 (32 decks)

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