L5A: Memory Flashcards
What is Memory?
The persistence of information that can be stored for future processing
What are the 3 Aspects of Memory?
There are 3 aspects of memory that differ in their “persistence”
1. Short-Term Sensory Store (STSS)
2. Short-Term Memory (STM) (includes working memory)
3. Long-Term Memory (LTM)
What is STSS?
Short-Term Sensory Store
- Rapid memory decay (Brief Storage)
- Accepts All stimulus information (Limitless Capacity)
- Information coded in the same way it was presented
(Literal Sensory Coding)
Short-term Sensory Store (STSS) decay. Average
letters recalled due to when the row was cued
This study gives evidence about the existence of a STSS “memory” and about how quickly it decays.
When participants did not know what line to report until after it was presented, the information was still available for “search” somewhere (hence evidence of STSS).
As the interval between the presentation and tone specifying the row increased, accuracy decreased.
Can’t really remember anything after 1 sec.
What is STM?
Short-Term Memory
Temporary holding place. Can consciously manipulate the information due to attention and rehearsal of material.
- Rapid decay (but slower than STSS) unless continuously rehearsed (~60 sec/1 min)
- Receives information from STSS & LTM
- Limited capacity (7 “chunks” + 2)
What is an example of STM in Sports?
STM involved in action planning/decision making
(e.g., remembering location of teammates)
When there’s headchecking/scanning in soccer… people have memory for where people are for a short amount of time
What is the Capacity for STM?
STM has limited capacity of 7 “chunks” + 2
What is the benefit of “chunking” information?
Chunking (grouping of information) helps fast stimulus identification, STM, & decision making
Is it possible to increase how many “chunks” of information you can remember?
Experts can recognise patterns of play /”groups of information”, so they can recall >7 pieces of information
Experience helps to quickly encode new information into meaningful units “chunks”
What is LTM?
Long-term memory
- Most resistant to decay (persistent)
- Unlimited capacity
- Develops with practice or rehearsal
What are the 2 Types of LTM?
LTM can be divided into:
- Declarative (explicit/verbal) &
- Procedural (implicit) memory
What is Declarative Memory?
- Facts/explicit knowledge that can be consciously recalled – verbalizable
- Attention demanding. Requires “controlled processing”
Eg: terms for describing positions or plays, the off-side rule in soccer or hockey
What is Procedural Memory?
- “Doing” knowledge that is not easily recalled (non-conscious/implicit)– non-verbalizable
- Linked to notion of automaticity & “automatic processing”
Eg: Tying shoelaces, riding a bicycle, kicking a ball
Summary of memory systems
