L14A: Conditions of Practice I - I Flashcards
c) 2
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c) Relative Transfer
web transfer example
What is the The ‘Law of Practice’?
more practice is better for learning
The more you practice,
the more you improve,
the more you learn
What type of Practice results in improvement?
it’s not simply MORE practice, but MORE quality
practice, which is individual dependent.
Have you heard of the “10,000 hour rule”?
What are the Four characteristics related to deliberate practice?
- Designed to IMPROVE performance (challenge individual)
-
MENTALLY tiring (effortful) for the athlete, may be low
in enjoyment. True deliberate practice will be limited in time. Rest is important. - VARIABILITY & MISTAKES are expected in practice. It is NOT performing one’s best.
- REPETITION of the practice process is necessary
How do we Distinguish deliberate practice from other types of sport-related practice activities?
What is Deliberate practice theory?
Deliberate practice theory – Prediction:
Performance can be predicted from hours
accumulated in deliberate practice activities.
Ex.
Methods:
1. Practice history data (surveys & interviews)
2. Longitudinal follow up of athletes
By the age of 12 years, differences in individual practice
amounts could explain differences in “talent”!
Ex
Hours in individual soccer practice in childhood
predicted the adult skill level
Ex.
It wasn’t until the age of ~16 yrs that team practice
became a strong discriminator of “skill”
Summary of deliberate practice
WHAT DOES GOOD QUALITY
(DELIBERATE) PRACTICE LOOK LIKE?
- Rest
- Variability
What is the Goal of Distribution of Practice (DOP)?
B is the Best Choice
What is Massed Practice?
What is Distributed (spaced) Practice?
EX
Which would show better performance (Acquisition) results,
Mass or Distributed Practice?
Which would show better Learning results,
Mass or Distributed Practice?
2 More examples
What are the 3 hypotheses as to why massed practice might
impair learning compared to distributed?
- Fatigue hypothesis
- Cognitive-effort hypothesis
- Memory consolidation hypothesis
What is the Fatigue hypothesis?
Fatigue can impair quality of practice
(eg. cause learner to practice incorrect movement patterns)
What is the Cognitive-effort hypothesis?
Trials become repetitious and boring;
leading to lower concentration (mental effort)
What is the Memory consolidation hypothesis?
Periods of rest are not there to help LTM storage processes
(neurobiochemical).
The Memory Consolidation Hypothesis states that newly learned skills or information become more stable and permanent in memory over time, especially with rest or sleep.
Summary
