L12A: Motor Learning Flashcards
True
c. Variability associated with muscular forces
What is Motor Learning?
“Motor learning is a set of processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability for skilled performance.”
What are the 5 Characteristics of
Motor Learning?
- Motor learning is a set of processes
- Learning produces an acquired capability for skilled movement
- Learning occurs as a result of practice or experience
- Motor learning is not directly observable
- Motor learning is relatively permanent
What does it mean for Motor learning to be a set of internal processes?
could be psychological, physiological, attentional, cognitive that result in change in outcomes
What does it mean for Motor learning to be an acquired capability?
Learning produces an acquired capability for skilled movement
observed behaviour only estimate of theoretical true capability
What does it mean when we say
Motor learning is not directly observable?
Must be inferred
Why is Motor learning considered
relatively permanent?
Rules out changes due to temporary performance factors
Is there a difference b/w
performance and learning?
“Performance” vs. “Learning”
(what we see in practice/single episode vs.
what is retained and transferred to test)
We can infer motor learning from motor performance, BUT
Motor Performance ≠ Motor Learning
To know something has been learned we need to separate temporary performance from learning. How do we do this?
Allow time for temporary effects to lessen
Retention testing & Transfer testing
- Retention: How persistent is performance?
- Transfer: How adaptable/generalizable are learned skills
What are Temporary effects?
Temporary effects (both positive & negative) are those that vanish with time or a change in conditions:
motivation, mental & physical fatigue, mood, attention, coach instruction, physical guidance, social/group effects, weather (rain/heat/cold), playing surface etc…
If a Single performance is a NOW measure,
What is a LATER measure? (2)
Learning/retention: Later measure of what’s been acquired (across sessions/seasons)
Game transfer:
Later measure of skill transfer (from practice to game)
Assessments of learning involve retention
(same task) and transfer tests (different tasks)
What is a Retention test?
typically the same task as practiced in the acquisition phase (but often in absence of manipulation/intervention/training aid)
Assessments of learning involve retention
(same task) and transfer tests (different tasks)
What is a Transfer Test?
different task (new environment, skill variation or related skill) to that practiced in the acquisition phase
Retention/transfer test design in research
How is Motor skill acquisition measured?
Quantifying performance through performance curves
Motor skill acquisition is captured by measuring performance across practice
Keep in mind what is the measure of performance…
