L16B: Physical Guidance

Question 1

What is the goal of Physical Guidance?

Answer 1

Question 2

Physical guidance can be on a continuum

What is Passive / Full Guidance?

Answer 2

• The Learner is not programming the movement
• The “Guide” moves the learner’s passive limb

Question 3

Physical guidance can be on a continuum

What is Active-Assist?
(Partial Guidance)

Answer 3

• The Learner is partially programming the movement
  (to initiate)
• Learner shares effort to complete the action

Question 4

Physical guidance can be on a continuum

What is No Guidance?
(none or feedback guidance only)

Answer 4

• The Learner is programming the movement
• Learner completes action without any physical assistance

Question 5

What are the 4 reasons why people use guidance
methods for motor skill learning? ?

Answer 5

1. Learner knows the goal /look and feel of
   correct movement (enhance sensory reference)
2. Reduce the risk of injury, increase safety
3. Encourages engagement/prevents discouragement
4. Frees attention to other task components

Question 6

Practical example:

Answer 6

Question 7

Example

Is physical guidance (‘errorless’ practice)
a good learning aid?

Answer 7

Compared 3 groups:
1. Physically guided - passive (robot moves arm)
2. Concurrent feedback during (visually-guided group)
3. Terminal Feedback at the end (visual feedback at the end of each trial)

Question 8

What are 3 reasons why too much passive physical
guidance is not the best learning aid?

Answer 8

1. No errors in guided movement – hence no
   opportunities for detecting and correcting errors
2. Lack of transfer specificity. Practice and test conditions are different (with, then without guidance)
3. Learner becomes dependent on guidance if it is always available – “Guidance Hypothesis” (guidance acts as a ‘crutch’)

Question 9

Practical example… Biking

Answer 9

Question 10

Summary Part Practice

Answer 10