L3A: Measures of Error, Speed and Speed of Processing Flashcards
A field goal in Cdn./Amer. football (no run up, just the kick), would primarily be considered what type of skill?
A. Open, discrete, fine
B. Closed, continuous, gross
C. Closed, discrete, gross
D. Open, continuous, fine
C. Closed, discrete, gross
2) Reaction time is the time between…?
A. Go/imperative stimulus & movement start
B. Movement start and movement end
C. Warning signal and go/imperative stimulus
D. Warning signal and movement start
E. Movement start and go/imperative stimulus
A. Go/imperative stimulus & movement start
What is the purpose of Error Measures?
Error score measures provide information about results of performance:
- Performance accuracy
- Performance bias
- Performance consistency
What is Absolute Error (AE)?
- How far a person was from the goal/target
- Absolute value of error score (no + or - sign)
- AE calculated in just one dimension: x or y
Mean AE = mean error score for person across series of trials
Absolute Error (AE)
How much error in horizontal?
Errors: 5 cm, 2 cm, 6 cm, 4 cm
Sum of 5 cm, 2 cm, 6 cm, 4 cm = 17
17/4 = 4.25 cm
Absolute Error (AE):
How much error in vertical /height?
Errors = 1.5 cm, 3 cm, 3 cm, 0.5 cm
Sum of: 1.5 cm, 3 cm, 3 cm, 0.5 cm =8
8/4 = 2 cm
Target = 100
Distances/scores:
x1 = 97
x2 = 101
x3 = 99
x4 = 107
What is the Absolute Error?
3 + 1 + 1 + 7 = 12
12/4 = 3 cm
dont forget units!
What is Constant Error (CE)?
- A person’s directional bias (positive or negative)
- Measure of how far away from the target & which direction
- CE calculated in just one dimension: x or y
- Mean CE = represents average magnitude & deviation/bias
What does a constant error score of 0 mean?
Score of 0 means no bias
Constant Error (CE)
How much error & bias in horizontal?
Errors: -5 cm, -2 cm, -6 cm, -4 cm
-5 cm, -2 cm, -6 cm, -4 cm = -17 cm
-17/4 = -4.25 cm
Constant Error (CE)
How much error & bias in vertical/height?
Errors = -1.5 cm, +3 cm, -3 cm, 0.5 cm
-1.5 cm, +3 cm, -3 cm, + 0.5 cm = - 1.0 cm
-1/4 = -0.25 cm
Target = 100
x1 = 97
x2 = 101
x3 = 99
x4 = 107
What is the Constant Error?
-3 + 1 + (-1) + 7 = 4
4/4 = 1 cm
CE = 1 cm in + direction (overshoot)
What is Variable Error (VE)?
- A person’s consistency/variability (spread/SD)
- “Spread” of scores about your own average score (M)
- Or…spread of errors around your own average error (CE)
- VE calculated in just one dimension: x or y
Let’s take a minute to think about what error values might look like for A and B. Who might be easier to correct, person A or person B? Why?
Both have a Similar Absolute Error (AE)
Person B has a Higher Constant Error (CE)
Person A has a Higher Variable Error (VE)
Person B would be easier to corrcet becuase they are more consistent with how far they are from the Target
Error Scores on an Aiming Task: Just eyeball data
Do they have directional Biases?
Who is most Accurate?
Who appears to be most Consistent?
What is Radial Error (RE)?
- Radial distance from the target (always positive)
- Absolute value of error score (no + or – sign)
- 2-Dimensional - uses both x and y
3 types of kinematic measures that tell us
about how a movement was performed?
What are Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration
Check slides for graphs
