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Y3R6: Surgery I 👨‍⚕️ > L4: Thyroid Neoplasm > Flashcards

L4: Thyroid Neoplasm Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Thyroid Neoplasm

A
  • Benign
  • Malignant
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2
Q

Benign Thyroid Neoplasm

A

Folliclar adenoma

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3
Q

Types of Malignant Thyroid Neoplasm

A

Dunhill classification

  • Primary
  • Secondary
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4
Q

Types of Primary Thyroid Cancer

A
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5
Q

Secondary Thyroid Cancer

A

Rare

  • Metastatic: from colon, kidney, melanoma, breast
  • Direct invasion.
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6
Q

CP of Follicular adenoma

A

Presents as solitary nodules.

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7
Q

DDx of Follicular adenoma

A
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8
Q

Types of Follicular adenoma

A
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9
Q

TTT of Follicular adenoma

A

Surgical treatment

  • By excision (preferably a hemithyroidectomy = a lobectomy of the side of the adenoma + isthmectomy.).
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10
Q

Follow up for Follicular adenoma

A

Prolonged follow up is unnecessary. Why?
- As the remaining thyroid tissue is normal.

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11
Q

Incidence of Malignant Thyroid Tumors

A

Common in females (3:1)

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12
Q

etiology of Malignant Thyroid Tumors

A
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13
Q

Inheritance of Cowden Syndrome

A

Autosomal dominant

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14
Q

Etiology of Cowden Syndrome

A

Germ cell mutation of PTEN tumor suppressor gene.

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15
Q

CP of Cowden Syndrome

A
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16
Q

Origin of Differentiated Thyroid carcinoma (DTC)

A

Derived from follicular cells

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17
Q

Types of Differentiated Thyroid carcinoma (DTC)

A
  • Papillary.
  • Follicular carcinomas.
  • Papillofollicular.
  • Hurthle cell carcinomas.
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18
Q

Incidence of Differentiated Thyroid carcinoma (DTC)

A

90% of thyroid malignancies

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19
Q

CP of Differentiated Thyroid carcinoma (DTC)

A

Incidence of thyrotoxicosis in DTCs is 2%.

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20
Q

Spread of Differentiated Thyroid carcinoma (DTC)

A
  • Papillary spreads through nodes
  • follicular through blood
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21
Q

Pathology (Characters that histologically indicate malignancy in thyroid neoplasm) …….

A
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22
Q

Def of Psammoma bodies

A

Small areas of perivascular calcification in necrosed hyalinized cells.

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23
Q

X-Ray of Psammoma bodies

A
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24
Q

Incidence of Papillary Carcinoma

A
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25
Q

Age of Papillary Carcinoma

A
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26
Q

sex Papillary Carcinoma

A
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27
Q

Etiology

Papillary Carcinoma

A
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28
Q

Classification

Papillary Carcinoma

A
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29
Q

NE

Papillary Carcinoma

A
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30
Q

Spread

Papillary Carcinoma

A
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31
Q

ME

Papillary Carcinoma

A
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32
Q

Prognosis

Papillary Carcinoma

A
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33
Q

Incidence

Follicular Carcinoma

A
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34
Q

Age

Follicular Carcinoma

A
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35
Q

Sex

Follicular Carcinoma

A
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36
Q

Etiology

Follicular Carcinoma

A
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37
Q

Classification

Follicular Carcinoma

38
Q

ME

Follicular Carcinoma

39
Q

what is Hurthle Cell tumor?

A

Are variant of follicular neoplasm in which oxiphil cell predominate

40
Q

Spread

Follicular Carcinoma

41
Q

Prognosis

Follicular Carcinoma

42
Q

Incidence

Anaplastic Carcinoma

43
Q

Age

Anaplastic Carcinoma

44
Q

sex

Anaplastic Carcinoma

45
Q

NE

Anaplastic Carcinoma

46
Q

ME

Anaplastic Carcinoma

47
Q

Spread

Anaplastic Carcinoma

48
Q

Prognosis

Anaplastic Carcinoma

49
Q

Incidence

Medullary carcinoma

A

uncommon (5%) type of thyroid malignancy.

50
Q

Types of Medullary carcinoma

A
  • Sporadic
  • MCT with MEN II Syndrome (Most Aggressive)
  • Familial Non-MEN MCT (Least Malignant)
51
Q

Incidence of Sporadic Medullary carcinoma

52
Q

NE of Sporadic Medullary carcinoma

53
Q

Site of Sporadic Medullary carcinoma

54
Q

MCT WITH MEN I| SYNDROME

A

(MORE AGGRESSIVE)

55
Q

Incidence

MCT With MEN II Syndrome

56
Q

NE

MCT With MEN II Syndrome

57
Q

Aggressiveness

MCT With MEN II Syndrome

58
Q

Familial Non-MEN MCT

A

LEAST MALIGNANT

59
Q

Mutation

Familial Non-MEN MCT

59
Q

NE

Familial Non-MEN MCT

60
Q

NE of MTC

61
Q

ME of MTC

62
Q

Spread of MTC

A

Mainly to lymph nodes (60%).

63
Q

Is MTC TSH-Dependent?

A

Not TSH dependent & does not take up radioactive iodine.

64
Q

CP of Thyroid Carcinoma

65
Q

Hx

CARCINOMA ON PREEXISTING MULTINODULAR GOITER

(BILATERAL CARCINOMA)

66
Q
  • Ex

CARCINOMA ON PREEXISTING MULTINODULAR GOITER

(BILATERAL CARCINOMA)

67
Q
  • Hx

SYMPTOMLESS STN IN THE HEALTHY GLAND OF A YOUNG MALE CHILD

(CARCINOMA DE NOVO - UNILATERAL)

68
Q
  • Investigations

SYMPTOMLESS STN IN THE HEALTHY GLAND OF A YOUNG MALE CHILD

(CARCINOMA DE NOVO - UNILATERAL)

A

Histologically such minor is papillary carcinoma.

69
Q
  • Hx

LUMP IN THE NECK WITH AN OCCULT PRIMARY TUMORS ON THE THYROID

(OCCULT CARCINOMA - UNILATERAL)

70
Q
  • Ex

LUMP IN THE NECK WITH AN OCCULT PRIMARY TUMORS ON THE THYROID

(OCCULT CARCINOMA - UNILATERAL)

71
Q
  • Investigation

LUMP IN THE NECK WITH AN OCCULT PRIMARY TUMORS ON THE THYROID

(OCCULT CARCINOMA - UNILATERAL)

A

biopsy of the LNs Shows thyroid tissue with papillary Carcinoma.

72
Q
  • Hx

RAPIDLY INCREASING SWELLING OF THE THYROID WITH HOARSENESS OF VOICE, DYSPNEA

(DIFFUSE OR BILATERAL CARCINOMA DE NOVO)

73
Q
  • Ex

RAPIDLY INCREASING SWELLING OF THE THYROID WITH HOARSENESS OF VOICE, DYSPNEA

(DIFFUSE OR BILATERAL CARCINOMA DE NOVO)

74
Q
  • Investigations

RAPIDLY INCREASING SWELLING OF THE THYROID WITH HOARSENESS OF VOICE, DYSPNEA

(DIFFUSE OR BILATERAL CARCINOMA DE NOVO)

A

Histopathologically, It shows anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid.

75
Q

MALIGNANT CHANGE ON A PREEXISTING STN

Y3R6: Surgery I 👨‍⚕️ (36 decks)

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