L3: Ulcers, Sinuses & Fistulas (Pt 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Def of Ulcer

A

break in the continuity of covering epithelium, either skin or mucous membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parts of Ulcer

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Margin of Ulcer

A
  • line of demarcation between ulcer and normal tissue.
  • It may be regular (rounded or oval) or irregular.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Edge of Ulcer

A
  • is the part connecting floor to the margin.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Floor of Ulcer

A
  • It is the part which is seen.
  • Floor may contain discharge, granulation tissue.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Base of Ulcer

A
  • It is the part which is felt where ulcer rests.
  • It may be bone or soft tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of Edges

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sloping Edge

A

It is seen in healing ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Undermined Edge

A
  • is seen in tuberculous ulcer.
  • Disease process advances in deeper plane (in subcutaneous tissue) whereas epidermis (skin) proliferates inwards.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Punched Out Edge

A
  • is seen in gummatous (syphilitic) ulcer and trophic ulcer.
  • It is due to end arteritis.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Raised & Beaded Edge

A
  • (pearly white) is seen in rodent ulcer (BCC).
  • Beads are due to proliferating active cells.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Everted Edge

A
  • (Rolled out)
  • It is seen in carcinomatous ulcer due to spill of the proliferating malignant tissues over the normal skin.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples of Ulcers

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Types of Margins

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Healing Margin

A

three zones from inside out.

  • First is red zone due to central red healthy granulation tissue.
  • second is middle blue zone due to active growing epithelium.
  • third is outer white zone due to well formed scar.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Inflamed Margin

A

It is red, irregular with inflamed surrounding skin.

17
Q

Fibrosed Margin

A

Thick white

18
Q

Classification of Ulcers

A
  • Clinically
  • Pathologically
  • based on duration
19
Q

Clinical Classification of Ulcers

A
20
Q

Pathological Classification of Ulcers

A
21
Q

Classification of Ulcers based on duration

A
22
Q

Causes of Chronic Ulcer

A
23
Q

Def of Sinuses

A

blind track lined by granulation tissue leading from an epithelial surface into the underlying tissues.

24
Q

Classification of Sinuses

A
25
Q

what are the Commonest cause of sinus in neck?

A

TB

26
Q

Tuberculosis in Neck

A
27
Q

Def of Fistula

A

abnormal communication between two hollow
viscous or between hollow viscous and body
surface.

28
Q

Classification of Fistulas

A
  • Based on Cause
  • Based on Number
  • Based on involvment of tissue
  • Based on Type
  • Based on opening
  • Based on output
29
Q

Classification of Fistulas based on cause

A
30
Q

Classification of Fistulas based on number

A

may be single or multiple.

31
Q

Classification of Fistulas based on involvment of tissues

A
  • External: From viscus to skin
  • Internal: From viscus to viscus
32
Q

what are external fistulas & what are examples of it?

A

From viscus to skin

  • Orocutaneous.
  • Branchial fistula.
  • Thyroglossal fistula.
  • Enterocutaneous fistula.
33
Q

what are internal fistulas & What are examples of it?

A

Internal: From viscus to viscus

  • TEF
  • Cholecystoduodenal fistula.
  • Colovesical fistula.
  • Rectovaginal fistula.
34
Q

Classification of Fistulas based on type

A

Simple: direct track

Complicated: variable course.

35
Q

Classification of Fistulas based on opening

A

Lateral fistula: if fistula opening is from lateral aspect of viscus.

End fistula: if fistula opening is from end of the viscus.

36
Q

Classification of Fistulas based on output

A
37
Q

In pancreatic fistula-high output …….. & low output …….

A

> 200 ml/day - < 200 ml/day.

38
Q

what are causes of persistence of a sinus or fistula?

What are causes of a non-healed fistula?

What are surgical indications of fistular repair?

A