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Y3R6: Surgery I 👨‍⚕️ > L19: GI Bleeding > Flashcards

L19: GI Bleeding Flashcards

1
Q

Def of Hematemsis

A
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2
Q

Def of Melena

A
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3
Q

Def of Hematochezia

A
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4
Q

Hematochezia infrequently occurs with massive ….. GI bleeding that is typically associated with hypotension.

A

Upper

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5
Q

Hematemesis and relena usually indicate ….. GI bleeding …… to the suspensory ligament of the duodenum, also called the ligament of …..

A

Upper, proximal, Trietz

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6
Q

……. is the most common cause of upper GI bleeding.

A

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

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7
Q

Hematochezia is most often associated with ….. Gl bleeding.

A

lower

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8
Q

Gastrointest nal bleeding indicates underlying pathology in either the upper or lower gastrointestinal (Gl) tract.

A
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9
Q

Diagnosis is nade by clinical history and physical exam, followed by upper and /or lower Gl endoscopy

A
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10
Q

The source of the bleeding can usually be identified and treated with endoscopy.

A
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11
Q

Incidence of UGIB

A
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12
Q

Risk Factors of UGIB

A
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13
Q

Incidence of LGIB

A
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14
Q

Risk Factors of LGIB

A
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15
Q

Most Common Causes of UGIB

A
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16
Q

The source of bleeding is not identified in up to …..

A

(10%- 15%) of patients.

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17
Q

Esophageal Causes of UGIB

A
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18
Q

Gastric Causes of UGIB

A
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19
Q

GAVE

A
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20
Q

Dieulofy Lesions

A
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21
Q

Angiodysplasia

A
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22
Q

Duedenal Causes of UGIB

A
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23
Q

Diverticular Causes of LGIB

A
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24
Q

Diverticulosis

A
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25
Q

Diverticulitis

A
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26
Q

Meckel Diverticulum

A
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27
Q

Angiodysplasia as a cause of LGIB

A
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28
Q

Ischemia

A
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29
Q

Internal Hemorrhoides

A
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30
Q

Anal Fissure

  • Cause of LGIB
A
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31
Q

Neoplastic Causes of LGIB

A
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32
Q

Inflammatory Causes of LGIB

A
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33
Q

Iatrogenic Causes of LGIB

A
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34
Q

Aortoenteric Causes of LGIB

A
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35
Q

Asymptomatic GI Bleeding

A
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36
Q

Anemia in GI Bleeding

A
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37
Q

Pain & Heartburn in GI Bleeding

A
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38
Q

CP of GI Bleeding

  • UGIB
A

CP of GI Bleeding

  • Melena
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39
Q

CP of GI Bleeding

  • Hematochezia
A
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40
Q

CP of GI Bleeding

  • Weight Loss
A
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41
Q

Patients with mild or occult bleeding may …..

A

not have significant findings.

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42
Q

Genral Examination in GI Bleeding

A
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43
Q

The approach to evaluating patients with GI bleeding …….. and whether the patient is able to undergo endoscopic evaluation.

A

depends on its severity

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43
Q

Rectal Examination in GI Bleeding

A
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44
Q

Liver Examination in GI Bleeding

A
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45
Q

Diagnosis and management are often approached concurrently.

A

…

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46
Q

Approach to Dx & TTT of GI Bleeding

A
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47
Q

Approach to Dx & TTT of GI Bleeding

  • Initial Stabilization
A
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48
Q

Approach to Dx & TTT of GI Bleeding

  • Initial Stabilization (Airway & Breathing)
A
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49
Q

Approach to Dx & TTT of GI Bleeding

  • Initial Stabilization (Circulation)
A
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50
Q

Approach to Dx & TTT of GI Bleeding

  • Initial Assessment
A
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51
Q

Approach to Dx & TTT of GI Bleeding

  • Initial Assessment (CBC)
A
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52
Q

Approach to Dx & TTT of GI Bleeding

  • Initial Assessment (Blood Type & Cross-Match)
A
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53
Q

Approach to Dx & TTT of GI Bleeding

  • Initial Assessment (Coagulation Factors)
A
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54
Q

Approach to Dx & TTT of GI Bleeding

  • Initial Assessment (FOBT)
A
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55
Q

Approach to Dx & TTT of GI Bleeding

  • Initial Assessment (LFTs)
A
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56
Q

Approach to Dx & TTT of GI Bleeding

  • Initial Assessment (Basic Metabolic Panel)
A
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57
Q

Approach to Dx & TTT of GI Bleeding

  • Initial Assessment (Anemia Workup)
A
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58
Q

Indication for blood transfusion in GI Bleeding

A
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59
Q

Indication for blood transfusion in GI Bleeding

  • Hemodynamically stable without cardiovascular disease
A
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60
Q

Indication for blood transfusion in GI Bleeding

  • Hemodynamically stable with cardiovascular disease
A
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61
Q

Indication for blood transfusion in GI Bleeding

  • Patients who require massive transfusion
A
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62
Q

Drugs to stop & Continue in GI Bleeding

A
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63
Q

Interventions for GI Bleeding after Resuscitation

A
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64
Q

Interventions for GI Bleeding after Resuscitation

  • For Hemodynamically Unstable
A
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65
Q

Interventions for GI Bleeding after Resuscitation

  • For Hemodynamically Stable
A
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66
Q

Interventions for GI Bleeding after Resuscitation

  • For Hemodynamically Stable (Suspected UGIB)
A
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67
Q

Interventions for GI Bleeding after Resuscitation

  • For Hemodynamically Stable (Suspected LGIB)
A
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68
Q

Most patients with ……. require hospitalization for management and to ensure the patient is stable.

A

UGIB

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69
Q

…… may be managed as an outpatient in patients at low risk of adverse outcomes.

A

LGIB

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70
Q

About ….. of cases of GI bleeding will stop without intervention.

A

80%

71
Q

Indications for admission & referral in GI Bleeding

A
72
Q

Bleeding Scoring Systems in GI Bleeding

A
73
Q

Glascow-Blatchford Bleeding Score

A
74
Q

Use of Glascow-Blatchford Bleeding Score

A
75
Q

Importance of Glascow-Blatchford Bleeding Score

A
76
Q

Factors Considered in Glascow-Blatchford Bleeding Score

A
77
Q

Assessment of Glascow-Blatchford Bleeding Score

A
78
Q

Rockall Bleeding Score

A
79
Q

Uses of Rockall Bleeding Score

A
80
Q

When is Rockall Bleeding Score Applied?

A
81
Q

Factors Considered in Rockall Bleeding Score

A
82
Q

Assessment of Rockall Bleeding Score

A
83
Q

Oakland Bleeding Score

A
84
Q

Uses of Oakland Bleeding Score

A
85
Q

Factors Considered in Oakland Bleeding Score

A
86
Q

Assessment in Oakland Bleeding Score

A
87
Q

DDx of GI Bleeding

A
88
Q

Causes of Epistaxis

A
89
Q

Diffrentiation of Epistaxis from GI Bleeding

A
90
Q

Managment of Epistaxis

A
91
Q

Some foods or medicines can cause false positive fecal occult testing like ……

A
92
Q

……. can cause black, tarry stools that are negative for fecal occult

A

Bismuth

93
Q

Patients should avoid these foods and medications …… before fecal occult blood testing.

A

48 hrs

94
Q

Cause of Hemoptysis

A
95
Q

Def of Hemoptysis

A
96
Q

Dx of Hemoptysis

A
97
Q

TTT of Hemoptysis

A
98
Q

Managment of Massive GI Bleeding

A
99
Q

managment of Moderate GI Bleeding

A
100
Q

Managment of Mild GI Bleeding

A
101
Q

What should you exclide first in managment of GI Bleeding?

A
102
Q

Investigations in GI Bleeding

A
103
Q

Indication of CT with angiography (CTA)

A
104
Q

Procedure of CT with angiography (CTA)

A
105
Q

Procedure of Radionuclide imaging

A
106
Q

Indications of Radionuclide imaging

A
107
Q

Types of Endoscopy in GI Bleeding

A
108
Q

Types of Endoscopy in GI Bleeding

  • Esaphagoduodenoscopy
A
109
Q

Types of Endoscopy in GI Bleeding

  • Colonoscopy
A
110
Q

Endoscopic interventions to achieve hemostasis (successful in most cases)

A
111
Q

Procedure of Capsule endoscopy

A
112
Q

Indications of Capsule endoscopy

A
113
Q

Other Procedures in Investigations GI Bleeding

A
114
Q

Other Procedures in Investigations GI Bleeding

  • NGT
A
115
Q

Other Procedures in Investigations GI Bleeding

  • Angiography
A
116
Q

Other Procedures in Investigations GI Bleeding

  • VC & Embolization
A
117
Q

Other Procedures in Investigations GI Bleeding

  • Balloon Tamponade
A
118
Q

Other Procedures in Investigations GI Bleeding

  • Surgery
A
119
Q

Medications for UGIB

A
120
Q

Medications for UGIB

  • PPIs
A
121
Q

Medications for UGIB

  • PPIs (Examples)
A
122
Q

Medications for UGIB

  • PPIs (Dosing)
A
123
Q

Medications for UGIB

  • PPIs (advantages_
A
124
Q

Medications for UGIB

  • Prokinetic Drugs
A
125
Q

Medications for UGIB

  • Prokinetic Drugs (MOA)
A
126
Q

Medications for UGIB

  • Prokinetic Drugs (Drugs)
A
127
Q

Medications for UGIB

  • Vasoactive Meds
A
128
Q

Medications for UGIB

  • Vasoactive Meds (MOA)
A
129
Q

Medications for UGIB

  • Vasoactive Meds (Uses)
A
130
Q

Medications for UGIB

  • Antibiotics
A
131
Q

Medications for UGIB

  • Antibiotics (Indications)
A
132
Q

Medications for UGIB

  • Antibiotics (Drugs)
A
133
Q

Medications for UGIB

  • Non-Aspirin NSAIDs Should be Avoided
A
134
Q

Common Causes of LGIB In Adults

A
135
Q

Def of Angiodysplasia/AV Malformations

A
136
Q

Sex in Angiodysplasia/AV Malformations

A
137
Q

Age in Angiodysplasia/AV Malformations

A
138
Q

RF for Angiodysplasia/AV Malformations

A
139
Q

Incidence of Angiodysplasia/AV Malformations

A
140
Q

CP of Angiodysplasia/AV Malformations

A
141
Q

Site of Angiodysplasia/AV Malformations

A
142
Q

MR of Angiodysplasia/AV Malformations

A
143
Q

TTT of Angiodysplasia/AV Malformations

A
144
Q

Types of IBD

A
145
Q

CP of IBD

A
146
Q

Extra-Intestinal Manifestations of IBD

A
147
Q

CP & TTT of IBD

A
148
Q

Incidence of Ischemic Colitis

A
149
Q

RF for Ischemic Colitis

A
150
Q

Sites of Ischemic Colitis

A
151
Q

CP of Ischemic Colitis

A
152
Q

TTT of Ischemic Colitis

A
153
Q

Causes of Infectious Colitis

A
154
Q

Pathogenesis of Infectious Colitis

A
155
Q

CP of Infectious Colitis

A
156
Q

CP of Neoplasms in LGIB

A
157
Q

Sites of Neoplasms in LGIB

A
158
Q

Incidence of Neoplasms in LGIB

A
159
Q

Types of Neoplasms in LGIB

A
160
Q

Types of Neoplasms in LGIB

  • Benign
A
161
Q

Types of Neoplasms in LGIB

  • Malignant
A
162
Q

Causes of LGIB in Children & Adolescents

A
163
Q

Causes of LGIB

A
164
Q

Incidence of Meckel’s Diverticulum

A
165
Q

Site & Origin of Meckel’s Diverticulum

A
166
Q

CP of Meckel’s Diverticulum

A
167
Q

Cause of Bleeding in Meckel’s Diverticulum

A
168
Q

Def of Intussuseption

A
169
Q

CP of Intussuseption

A
170
Q

INVx & TTT of Intussuseption

A
171
Q

INVx in Anal Fissure

A
172
Q

Baby + Vomiting + Bloody Stool + Tense Painful abdomen —-> ……..

A
173
Q

TTT of Esophageal Varies

A
174
Q

Vomiting & BPR are …. in intussessption

Bleeding PUD can cause Hemodynamic Instability

A

Y3R6: Surgery I 👨‍⚕️ (36 decks)

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